Assessment 1

Front 1

Assimilation

Back 1

Fitting new information into existing schemes

Front 2

Accomodation

Back 2

Altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new information

Front 3

Autonomy

Back 3

Independence

Front 4

Applied Behavior Analysis

Back 4

The application of behavioral learning principles to understand and change behavior

Front 5

Co-Constructed Learning (Process)

Back 5

A social process in which people interact and negotiate (usually verbally) to create an understanding to solve a problem

Front 6

Cultural tools

Back 6

The real tools (computers, scales, etc.) and symbol systems (numbers, language, graphs) that allow people in a society to communicate, think solve problems, and create knowledge

Front 7

Classical conditioning

Back 7

Association of automatic response with new stimuli

Front 8

Contiguity

Back 8

Association of two events because of repeated pairing

Front 9

Constructivism

Back 9

View that emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information

Front 10

Cooperative learning

Back 10

Situations in which elaboration, interpretation, explanation, and argumentation are integral to the activity of the group and where learning is supported by other individuals

Front 11

Disequilibrium

Back 11

In Piaget's theory, the "out-of-balance" state that occurs when a person realizes that his or her current ways of thinking are not working to solve a problem or understand a situation

Front 12

Equilibriation

Back 12

Search for mental balance between cognitive schemes and information in the environment

Front 13

Funds of Knowledge

Back 13

Knowledge that families and community members have acquired in many areas of work, home, and religious life that can become a basis for teaching

Front 14

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

Back 14

Procedures used to obtain information about antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to determine the reason or function of the behavior

Front 15

Identity

Back 15

Principle that a person or object remains the same over time. (Piaget) The complex answer to the question: "Who am I?" (Erikson)

Front 16

Inquiry-Based Learning

Back 16

Approach in which the teacher presents a puzzling situation and students solve the problem by gathering data and testing conclusions

Front 17

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 17

Maslow's model of seven levels of human needs, from basic physiological requirements to the need for self-actualization

Front 18

Motivation

Back 18

An internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior

Front 19

Operant conditioning

Back 19

Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents

Front 20

Private Speech

Back 20

Children's self-talk, which guides their thinking and action. Eventually, these verbalizations are internalized as silent inner speech

Front 21

Problem-Based Learning

Back 21

Students are confronted with a problem that launches their inquiry as they collaborate to find solutions and learn valuable information and skills in the process

Front 22

Premack Principle

Back 22

Principle stating that a more-preferred activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity

Front 23

Schema(s)

Back 23

Basic structure(s) for organizing information; concepts

Front 24

Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)

Back 24

Emphasizes role in development of cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society. Children learn the culture of their community (ways of thinking and behaving) through these interactions

Front 25

Scaffolding

Back 25

Support for learning and problem solving. The support could be clues, reminders, encouragement, breaking the problem down into steps, providing an example, or anything else that allows the student to grow in independence as a learner. Teachers and students make meaningful connections between what the teacher knows and what the students know and need in order to help the students learn more.

Front 26

Self-concept

Back 26

Individuals' knowledge and beliefs about themselves--their ideas, feelings, attitudes, and expectations.

Front 27

Self-esteem

Back 27

The value each of us places on our own characteristics, abilities, and behaviors.

Front 28

Zone of proximal development

Back 28

Phase at which a child can master a task if given appropriate help and support

Front 29

Epistemology

Back 29

From dictionary.com: a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge.

Front 30

Stimulus

Back 30

Event that activates a behavior

Front 31

Response

Back 31

The observable reaction to stimulus

Front 32

Respondents

Back 32

Responses (generally automatic or involuntary) elicited by specific stimuli

Front 33

Neutral stimulus

Back 33

Stimulus not connected to a response

Front 34

Unconditioned stimulus

Back 34

Stimulus that automatically produces an emotional or physiological response

Front 35

Unconditioned response

Back 35

Naturally occurring emotional or physiological response

Front 36

Conditioned stimulus

Back 36

Stimulus that evokes an emotional or physiological response after conditioning

Front 37

Conditioned response

Back 37

Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Front 38

Reinforcement

Back 38

Use of consequences to strengthen behavior

Front 39

Positive reinforcement

Back 39

Strengthening behavior by presenting a desired stimulus after the behavior

Front 40

Negative reinforcement

Back 40

Strengthening behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs

Front 41

Punishment

Back 41

Process that weakens or suppresses behavior

Front 42

Positive (Presentation) Punishment

Back 42

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by presenting an aversive stimulus following the behavior; also called Type I Punishment

Front 43

Negative (Removal) Punishment

Back 43

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by removing a pleasant stimulus following the behavior; also called Type II punishment

Front 44

Sensory memory

Back 44

System that hold sensory information very briefly

Front 45

Working memory

Back 45

The information that you are focusing on at a given moment

Front 46

Short-term memory

Back 46

Component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds

Front 47

Long-term memory

Back 47

Permanent store of knowledge

Front 48

Explicit memory

Back 48

Long-term memories that involve deliberate or conscious recall

Front 49

Implicit memory

Back 49

Knowledge that we are not conscious of recalling, but that influences our behavior or thought without our awareness

Front 50

Semantic memory

Back 50

Memory for meaning

Front 51

Psychosocial development (Erikson)

Back 51

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the emergence of the self, the search for identity, the individual's relationships with others, and the role of culture throughout life

Front 52

Piaget's 4 stages

Back 52

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational