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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 main purposes of assessing offenders
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Risk Treatment needs Individual needs How risk can be managed |
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Who assesses offenders?
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Parole board, mental health institutions, court, progressive reviews |
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Gold standard assessments need to be:
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Defensible, evidence based, ethical
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Kemshall (02)
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All steps need to conduct the best assessment possible Reliable assessment methods Information collected and thoroughly evaluated decisions are recorded polices and procedures |
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Evidence based
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Rationale for every opinion and recommendation Use of a number of sources Emipirical research, psychological theory + methods |
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Ethical - British Psychological Society (09) 4 principles |
Respect, competence, responsibility and integrity
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Name 3 risks
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Risk of re-offending Hurting someone Self harm/suicide Escape |
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Two types of risk factors
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Static risk factors- these are ones that don't change over time for example brain damage, childhood abuse (fixed) Dynamic risk factors -they are changeable, and respond to treatment e.g. drug use, current moods/attitudes (not fixed) a) Acute b) Stable |
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Protective factors
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A personal characteristic or aspect of an individuals environment which decrease the risk of violent behaviour in future Not every aspect is protective: Was it present during offence Quality? |
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Therapists are now legally obliged to .......
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........take reasonable care to protect potential victim, which involves managing the dangerous individual better
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Schwalbe (07)
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suggest 3 generations of the evolution of risk assessment Theres now even a 4th |
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1st Generation
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Clinical Impressions Subjective judgement Finger in the air approach - gut feeling No real evidence or grounded research |
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2nd Generation
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Actuarial Risk Assessment Uses statistical relationship between risk assessment instruments + substequent offending (algorithm) Places people in categories of the % chance that group will re offend e.g. 40% or 60% Static Risk OGRS |
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OGRS
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Offender Group Reconviction Scale (Howard et al,09) Uses statistical relationship between criminal history and demographic factors to predict a % e.g. gender, what offence, age |
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Positives of 2nd Generation
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Gives figures Quick Clear Concise |
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Negatives of 2nd generation
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Does not account for individuals No account for dynamic factors Not helpful in guiding treatment or understanding the patient |
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3rd Generation
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SPJ (structured professional judgement) Empirically grounded guide for professionals to aid them in systematically assessing the presence of factors known to be related to risk Similar to 2nd gen with the use of stats relationship between predictive instruments + recidiv Uses dynamic aswell Better use of theory |
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4th Generation |
Similar to 3rd Gen - but also provides RISK MANAGEMENT Offender Assessment System (OASys) More focus on dynamic factors but also static Guides risk management Includes assessment of 12 variables
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Positives of 3rd + 4th
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More qualitative data Use of dynamic factors Help ID treatment programmes Aids Risk Management (4th) |
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Negatives of 3rd + 4th
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Time consuming No figures |
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Singh et al (11)
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Meta Analysis Found no evidence actuarial tools have better predictive quality |
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Hart and Hogan (11)
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SPJ + 4th gen better at understanding the behaviour
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Many research suggest a ........
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.......combination of actuarial and SPJ
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Case formulation helps to...........
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.........organise all the collective information through risk assessment into 1 picture fitting together of a jigsaw |
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5 p's
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Protective Predisposed Perpetuating Presentation Precipitating |
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RNR - Andrews + Bonta (10)
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Risks- level of service depends on how much perceived risk Needs + Responsivity - Individual needs + criminergic needs should be identified throughout the tratment |
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CBT
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Works on the idea that beliefs/attitudes impact our behaviour and action Basis for mot treatments Used for high risk patients |
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Treatment usually lasts
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for 2 to 6 months depending on intensity 2 to 4 times a week, for half day sessions Socratic questioning |
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Self Change Programme
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aims to decrease violence in high risk violent offenders high intensity targets antisocial thoughts and thinking |
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Healthy Relationship Programme
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Used for violent domestic abuse High intensity Learn about abusive beh, + alternative behaviours to lead to healthy relationships |
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Mann et al (10)
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Suggests that treatment should be focused on psychologically meaningful risk factors e.g. causes of sex offence Those often relate to sex offence recidivism including : socio- affective functioning sex interests |
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New programmes based on........
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..........psychologically meaningful risk factors
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