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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the term "loop unity gain" refer to?
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The point where a loudspeaker reinforcing a source and the source's levels are equal at the microphone capsule
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Name 3 things that factor into the potential for feedback?
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Speaker response, microphone response, & acoustic environment
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What does the term "equivalent acoustic distance" refer to?
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Could represent the distance of the closest listener.
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What is potential acoustic gain?
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The amount of acoustic gain a system can achieve before feedback
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When is a sound system considered to be sufficient in providing adaquate SPL without feeding back?
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When PAG is greater than or equal to NAG
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How does changing the distance between the source and the mic affect acoustic gain?
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Double the distance lose 6dB, half the distance gain 6dB
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How does the number of open mics on stage affect acoustic gain?
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Double the mics lose 3dB/More mics= Less acoustic gain
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Describe 5 ways we can improve gain before feedback.
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Use as few mics as practical
Mic as close to the source as practical Take advantage of speaker and mic directionality Place the speakers as close to the listener as practical Maximize distance between mics and speakers |
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What is electromagnetic interference?
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A disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic conduction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source.
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In what 4 ways is EMI transmitted or introduced into an audio system?
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Common impedance coupling
Electric field coupling Magnetic field coupling Electromagnetic radiation |
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What are some ways we can reduce levels of EMI?
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Shields
Separation Twisting/Figure8/Cross at 90 degrees Fix pin 1 problem Balanced Interconnection Isolation |
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Give 2 examples of isolation
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Transformer & Optical
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Explain how a balanced differential input is able to reduce EMI.
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Through common mode rejection
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What is the most common system used for technical grounding in an audio system?
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Isolated Star Ground
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Why is it dangerous to use an AC ground lift adapter?
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These devices disconnect the chassis
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What is the pin 1 problem?
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XLR input and output pin 1 tied to circuit ground
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What is the solution to the pin 1 problem?
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Tie XLR input and output pin 1 directly to chassis ground
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What is the maximum recommended length of an unbalanced cable run?
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10ft
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Extra: Balance
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equal impedance to ground
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What are the 3 primary factors determining power loss in speaker cable runs?
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Length, load, & gauge
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Name some commonly used speaker cable connectors used by professional sound companies.
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NL- 4, 8
EP/AP- 4, 6, 8 |
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What is reactance?
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Frequency dependent resistance
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How does reactance affect a speaker cable?
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Frequency response
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What does the 5% rule state?
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Cable resistance should never exceed 5% load resistance
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What is "Damping Factor"?
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Damping factor is a numerical indication of how well an amplifier can "control" a loudspeaker's cone motion
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What is the main responsibility of a booking agent?
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To get the artist price from reliable promoters and book the band into the appropriate venues
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What does a contract rider contain?
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Performance requirements specified by band and management
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What does a tour itinerary contain?
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Show dates and cities
Venue sizes and capacities Routing Contacts Personnel Listing |
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Name some job duties of a tour manager
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Person in charge of the tour
Oversee travel planning & lodging Take care of band and entourage Pays and accounts for all expenses Settles the show with promoter Oversee Merchandise Enforce contract |
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Name some job duties of production manager
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In charge of tour personnel
Sound, lights, set, and stage Equipment transportation Set up production office Advance Dressing Rooms Enforce Rider Pre-show check/show start |
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Name 3 important things a production manager considers when taking bids from equipment vendors
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Labor requirement/rigging points
Price Experience of crew & company Potential for tour support Availability |
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What are some things a production manager will advance for a tour?
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Contract information for rep and local prod
Seating Sightlines an obstructions Stage position and stage size Rigging and/or ground stacking Mix positions Barricade Load in logistics Venue policies Security |
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What factors determine crew salaries for a tour?
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Experience, network, & budget
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Name some advantages using a digital live console could provide.
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Soft patching, more channels, more fx,
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What is MADI?
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Music Multi-channel Audio Digital Interface
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Explain the digital offset feature on the Digico D-5?
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Allows two control surfaces to control one set of pre-amps
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What is a "plug-in"?
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Software based effect
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