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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid
minerals
rocks formed by heat and pressure
metamorphic rock
rocks created by rock, sand, and sediment being pressed together
sedimentary rock
rocks formed by magma or lava
igneous
rocks that form from magma cooling at or near the Earth's surface
extrusive igneous
rocks that form when magma cools deep within the Earth
intrusive igneous
substance composed of sand, clay, silt, and gravel
soil
the perfect soil for growing things, made of equal parts sand and silt with a small amount of clay
loam
makes soil heavy and dense
clay
soil component that is light and gritty and erodes easily
silt
coarse component of soil that allows air into the soil, but does not hold water
sand
geometric solid that forms in a definite repeating pattern
crystal
rock or mineral used for jewelry or for decoration, it is rare, beautiful, and durable
gemstone
physical tint of a mineral seen by the naked eye
color
colored line of powder left by rubbing a mineral across a tile
streak
how the surface of a mineral reflects light
luster
how easily a mineral can be scratched by another mineral
hardness
how well light passes through a mineral
transparency
used to determine how hard or soft a mineral is compared with Talc at the softest and Diamond as the hardest
Mohs' Scale
the planes of weakness a mineral breaks along when hit with a hammer
cleavage
type of break when a mineral does not cleave
fracture
the density of a mineral
specific gravity
one of six shapes in which crystals grow
crystal form
part of soil formed by decomposing plants
humus