Asian American Midterm

Front 1

Korematsu v. US

Back 1

1944. Decision regarding the interment of all Japanese and Japanese Americans. Korematsu, a Japanese American citizen, wanted to stay to be with his Italian American fiance. Fought constitutionality of internment. Lost for reasons of: General John L. DeWitt's "Final Report" (report claiming there was danger of a disloyal Japanese attack on West Coast) and inability to see difference between loyal and disloyal Japanese.

Front 2

US Constitution & Race: 3/5th Rule

Back 2

Enslaved persons counted as 3/5 of a person for representation and tax purposes.

Front 3

Constitution & Race: 14th Amendment

Back 3

Ratified 1868. Equal protection of the law for all citizens

Front 4

Constitution & Race: 15th Amendment

Back 4

Right for all US citizens to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (slavery).

Front 5

Constitution & Race: 24th Amendment

Back 5

Ratified 1964. Right to vote regardless of ability to pay poll tax. Taxes created after reconstruction to stop African Americans from voting.

Front 6

1880 California Constitution & Race: Article 14, Chinese

Back 6

Referes to Chinese as aliens who may become vagrants, criminals or invalids ect. Allows state to impose conditions and removal those Chinese that do not comply. Corporations are not allowed to hire Chinese or Mongolian persons. Only employed by state as a punishment.

Front 7

Modern California Constitution & Race

Back 7

The state may not discriminate based on race. Article 1 Declaration of Rights

Front 8

California Alien Land Law 1913

Back 8

1913. Those ineligible for citizenship (Chinese/ Japanese) cannot own property or lease property for more than 3 years. Any property found will become the property of the State of CA.

Front 9

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Back 9

1882. Chinese used as cheap labor, after the transcontinental railroad was built, fear of labor competition caused western states to allay with southern politicians to pass act. Act cuts off Chinese immigration of skilled and non skilled laborers and requires certification from the Chinese government to allow non-laborers in. If a Chinese who left the US they had to obtain certificates for reentry.

Front 10

Gentleman's Agreement

Back 10

1907. Between Roosevelt & Japanese Gov. Japanese government agreed to screen and restrict the emigration of Japanese nationals to the American shores. Permitted the wives of settled agriculturalists to immigrate to the US.

Front 11

Alien Land Law 1920

Back 11

Barred guardianships & trusteeships in the name of aliens ineligible for citizenship. Prohibited leasing and sharecropping.

Front 12

Oyama v US

Back 12

1948. Kajiro Oyama, an alien ineligible for citizenship, bought land in his son, Fred Oyama's name. After they were interned, the state tried to take control of the land. Court rules in favor of Oyama stating that to take away his right to receive land as a gift from his father because of his father's origins is unconstitutional.

Front 13

Ozama v. US

Back 13

1922. Ozama tried to get Japanese included in the white race to become a citizen. The court ruled that because he was not Caucasian he was not white.

Front 14

US v Thind

Back 14

1923. Thind wanted citizenship but was an ineligible alien. Thind, born in Punjab, India, of high-caste Hindu, argued that he was scientifically considered caucasian. Court agreed but said he was not commonly known as "white" by the average person.

Front 15

US v. Wong Kim Ark

Back 15

1898. Wong Kim Ark, a US citizen of Chinese decent) was detained and denied reentry into the US after a brief visit to China. The 14th amendment states that all persons born or naturalized in the US are citizens and will enjoy equal protection of the law. Wong Kim Ark was able to return to the US

Front 16

Tydings-McDuffie Act

Back 16

1934. Philippines Independence Act. Restricted immigration to 50 Fili[inos per year, lowest assigned to any nation, except for Hawaii's plantation needs, prohibited re-migration from Hawaii to the mainland US.

Front 17

Yick Wo v Hopkins

Back 17

1886. Wo had a wooden laundromat, however SF municipal ordinance would only give license to those made of stone or brick. White laundromat owners with wood buildings were still given licenses even though Chinese owners were not. The court ruled this to be unconstitutional based on the 14th amendment. The case established legislation unequally applied would be ruled unconstitutional.

Front 18

International Ladies Garment Workers' Union strike

Back 18

1939. Union that supported Chinese women and lead a strike at the National Dollar Stores. Workers won pay raises and better working conditions.

Front 19

Pan-Asian Ethnicity

Back 19

Instead of separating based on their parents country origin, such as China, Korea, or Japan, these 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, generations have grouped together to become Asian. Anti-Asian Violence, social structures and institutions: government, academic, geographical, intermarriage between ethnicity, perception of foreigner.

Front 20

Theory of Racial Formation

Back 20

Omi & Winant argue that race is socially constructed and can be transformed into different racial meanings based on government actions and social consciousness.

Front 21

International Hotel

Back 21

Late 60s. Milton Meyers tried to evict the Filipino elderly tenants out of the building. Was on one of the last blocks of Manilatown, which was destroyed by urban renewal in the 1950s and 60s. Was also a thriving movement community center. Thousands of people protested against the eviction. Eventually evicted in 1977 and torn down.

Front 22

Bay Area Asian Coalition Against the War

Back 22

1972. Anti war group. Anti-imperialist perspective that called for solidarity with the Vietnamese people.

Front 23

Vincent Chin

Back 23

1982. Detroit. A Chinese American beaten to death by autoworkers. Hate crime because one of the murders was laid off due to increasing market share of Japanese automakers.

Front 24

San Francisco State University Strike

Back 24

1968. First campus uprising involving Asian Americans. The Third World Liberation fought for 5 months and ended with the nation's first School of Ethnic Studies. Important because students got their inspiration from 3rd world leaders and revolutions occurring in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Front 25

Third World Liberation Front

Back 25

A coalition of African American, Latino, American Indian, and Asian American campus groups

Front 26

Modern Asian American Movement

Back 26

During the 1980s, young professionals altered the polictical terrain in their communities becoming lawyers, doctors, ect. These people through numbers and high level of activity advanced struggles against racism and discrimination.

Front 27

Asian American neo-conservatives

Back 27

The new generation of Asian Americans are neo-conservatives, opponents of affirmative action. They were born in the Regan-Bust era but also represent a legacy from the civil right struggles.

Front 28

Asian American neo-conservatives

Back 28

The new generation of Asian Americans are neo-conservatives, opponents of affirmative action. They were born in the Regan-Bust era but also represent a legacy from the civil right struggles.

Front 29

Chinese Progressive Association (CPA)

Back 29

Mostly Chinese immigrant women whose focus is labor protection for the poor.

Front 30

Constitution Philosophy & Origins

Back 30

Magna Carta: List of rights, common law: John Locke

Front 31

Constitution Article 1, Section 8

Back 31

Congress has the right to make naturalization law.

Front 32

Racial Project

Back 32

Representation of racial dynamics, racial meaning & what action to take.

Front 33

rationalization

Back 33

Portrayal of large group as inferior, subordination- Anceheta

Front 34

People v. Hall

Back 34

1854. Can a Chinese immigrant testify against a white person. No. Murder Case.

Front 35

Naturalization Law 1790

Back 35

non whites cannot naturalize.

Front 36

In re Ah Yup

Back 36

1879. Chinese cannot naturalize

Front 37

Page Law

Back 37

1875. Stop immigrant prostitution. Effects almost all Chinese women, stopping women from China from immigrating.

Front 38

Asiatic Bar Zone

Back 38

Triangle of exclusions

Front 39

Cable Act

Back 39

1922. US woman citizen who married an "alien ineligible for naturalization" aka Asian person, lost her US citizenship.

Front 40

Scott Act

Back 40

1882. preventing re-entry of Chinese immigrants

Front 41

Geary Act

Back 41

1892. Extended Chinese exclusion

Front 42

CA Anti-Miscegenation Law

Back 42

1880. No marriage between whites & black or Asians.

Front 43

1878 Cubic Air Ordinance

Back 43

CA. 1878. 500 cubit feet of air, only enforced in Chinatown.

Front 44

Gong Lum v Rice

Back 44

1927. Chinese American children segregated

Front 45

Ca Alien Land Law

Back 45

1913. 1920 Proposition- closed loopholes; citizen child must be 21+