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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zagros and Elburz mountains
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-significant elevation
-Arabian plate has been moving away from africa and crashing into asia pushing up mountains -earthquake prone area due to this tectonic movement |
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Asir Mountains
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-not high elevation
-homes to wealthy saudi arabians -located in central saudi arabia -summer months are extremely hot -teprature drops 3.5 degrees for every 1000 ft. |
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Mesopotamia
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-ancient culture hearth; ideas started here and spread worldwide
-had to settle here in order to start growing crops; fertile soils, freshwater, etc; perfect areas for quality agriculture to develop. -Euphrates river and Tigris rievers started fueds between countries because Turkey built dams on rivers and syria and iraq are concerned about water flowing to their countries |
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Plateau of Saudi Arabia
ancient Tethys Sea: How did it form? |
from pangea continent split
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Plateau of Iran
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-one of the harshest regions in the world.
-windswept area, temperature swings, extreme summers and bitter winters. -never was a very populated area |
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Turkey
Ottoman empire |
-was once the center of the ottoman empire.
-ended because of WW I, and it was reduced to Turkey. |
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Mustafa Kemal
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-leader of turkey
-led revolution in 1920's -he wanted to be a European country, become a democracy, and make turkey secular. |
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meaning of Ataturk
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father of turkey
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what is a secular state?
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separation of church and state
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3 reasons turkey wasnt omitted into Europe:
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1.)turkey has a weak economy
2.)Kurds 3.)turkey is dominantly muslim and Europe is christian |
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Turkey
problem with the kurds |
caused human rights issues because they were promised britain
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Iran
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-ruled by persian empire
-they are not Arab, they speak Farsi |
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Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
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-ruled the persians (Iran)
-came into power at age 19 |
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Islamic Revolution of 1979
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-Mohammed was overthrown by left leaning mozeday;
-The C.I.A. backed mohammeds revolution to get back to power. -U.S. overthrew a democracy and instituted a monarchy. -Mohammed rapidly modernized Iran with western culture and the islams werent having it. -shah's were forced to leave Iran, the monarchy was abolished and it was declared the islamic republic. |
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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
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-leader of the islamic revolution
-took over after shah mohammed -dismantled monarchy and installed islamic republic |
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SAVAK
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-was the police network and the eyes and ears of Iran
-very brutal force |
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Islamic Republic
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-mixes religion with state
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Quran
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Irans constitution
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Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
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-Ayatollah held u.s. embassy workers hostage and in 1980 Iraq attacked Iran; lasted 8 years
-1 million people died |
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Dual containment
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?
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Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
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-Saddam attacked Iran
-wanted to replace Iran as the dominant persian gulf state -Had a small access to the persian gulf called Shatt al-arab, but he wanted bigger access and wanted to take oil and natural gas deposit. |
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Allocational boundary dispute
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-disputes how much of resources are allocated to u.s.
-Rumalia oil field was center of dispute. -Iraq accused Kuwait of slant drilling-drilling oil out of Iraq territory |
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Operation Desert Storm
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-u.s. invaded Iraq because Iraq wouldnt leave kuwait after given a deadline.
-Hussein attacked his own people; after this we made "no fly zones over north (kurds) and south (shiites) to prevent him from this. |
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Operation Desert Storm (2)
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-we didnt want him to develop weapons of mass destruction-he did
-developed biological and nuclear weapons |
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United nations weapons inspections
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-found and destroyed several weapons in Iraq during the first inspection (no nuclear)
-lead to the 2nd gulf war (attack Iraq) |
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2nd gulf war
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-allies didnt back us until the u.k. 8 and a half years later.
-no weapons of mass destruction found this time (complicated issue) |
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Kuwait
environmental damage |
-Iraq's invasion is best example of this
-Kuwait is top 5 in proven oil reserves -Iraq went to each of 700 oil heads and planted bombs and dumped millions of barrels of oil in the persian gulf. -over 500 oil heads caught fire. -planned to take 2 years to put out fires but it only took 6 months |
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Kuwait
war debt repayment |
-kuwait paid all of war costs
-ticket was 17 billion |
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Saudi Arabia
proven oil reserves |
-huge oil deposits
-used to ranked #1 in oil reserves |
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Saudi Arabia
social welfare |
-they provide numerous resources to citizens not paying high taxes
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Saudi Arabia
absolute monarchy |
-government is in absolute monarchy
-king abdullah has absolute power |
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Saudi Arabia
Wahhabism |
-dominant form of islam in saudi arabia
-It has developed considerable influence in the Muslim world in part through Saudi funding of mosques, schools and social programs |
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Qatar
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-main source of revenue is natural gas
-3rd in the world in proven natural gas behind Russia and Iran. -has non associated natural gas |
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non associated natural gas
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-natural gas thats not associated with oil deposits.
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LNG
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-liquefied natural gas
-means to convert gas to liquid. -have to keep extremely cold and keep it in very high pressure |
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United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Abu Dhabi |
-top 5 in oil reserves
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UAE
Sheikh Zayed |
-set the tone for shared wealth so everyone would be equal.
-well respected and gifted leader |
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UAE
Burj Dubai |
-worlds tallest building.
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UAE
5 pillars of Islam |
1.) profession of faith
2.)pray 5 times a day 3.)fasting during ramadan 4.)zakat 5.)the hajj |
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UAE
zakat |
-giving alms to charity
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UAE
the hajj |
-if you are financially able to, you are to make a pilgramige to meca
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UAE
ramadan |
-holiest month of their calendar
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Oman
musandam peninsula |
-small piece of land at the tip of UAE.
-owning this gives them power of the strait of hormuz |
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Oman
strait of hormuz |
-waterway in the persian gulf
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Oman
maritime tradition |
-maritime tradition and navigable channel ????
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Yemen
USS cole bombing of 2000 |
-2 al qaeda member pulled up next to our boat in a small boat loaded with explosives and killed several americans.
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Al Qaeda
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-normally from poorer societies
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Israel
Zionist movement |
-the search for a jewish homeland
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Israel
League of nations mandate |
-Turkey giving up lebanon, jordan, palestine, syria, and iraq to the british and the french
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Jerusalem
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-city in israel that is an international free city under UN control
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Israel
1948 Arab-Israeli war |
-Israelies won a surprising victory and ended up with 72% of palestine.
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Israel
Six day war |
-Israel was attacked by all bordering countries, but won giving them the occupied territories.
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occupied territories
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-golan heights, west bank, east jerusalem, gaza strip, sinai penisula.
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Yassir Arafat
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-leader of palestine until he died a few years ago.
-led several terrorist attacks against israel |
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Hamas
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-terrorist group that won the election in gaza
-they refuse to recognize Israel as a state |
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Jordan
palestinian refugees |
-come to Jordan for refuge
-there is now more palestinians than jordanians |
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Syria
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-rogue state
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Rogue state
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-countries that present major threats to worldwide piece and stability
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Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad
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-Hafez was leader of Syria, Basher is now
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Ba'ath party
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political group in Syria
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Lebanon
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-carved of of Syria
-wanted to create an area that would have a christian majority; muslims are now the majority, but christians still hold political power. |
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Lebanon
banking and finance |
-capital of banking and finance in sw asia for a while
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Lebanese civil war
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-15 year war
-wiped out the countries economy -compromise-took the top 3 offices and seats in parliament to the three major groups in the nation |
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Pamir Knot
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-tallest mountains on the planet
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Hindu Kush
Soviet invasion |
-communist government in afghanistan that was overthrown by muslims, so the soviets invaded.
-15,000 soviets died, mostly due to the hindu kush |
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Breznev Doctrine
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-soviet union would not allow any communist government to be overthrown.
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Tien Shan
translation |
-mountains of heaven
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Kunlun Shan
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-forms the northern tier of the plateau of tibet (highest in the world)
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Himalayas
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-forms the southern tier of the plateau of tibet, mount everest (29,032), tallest peak on the planet
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Northeast china plain
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-mineral rich
-sometimes labeled as the manchurian plain or manchuria. -wont see it labeled that way in china because it was the last imperial dynasty |
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North china plain
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-loess soils-extremely fertile top soil
-earliest civilization lived here |
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Huang He
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-major crop produced is wheat
-sometimes labeled as the yellow river |
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Chang Jiang
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-sometimes labeled as the Yangtze river
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crops grown around the Chang Jiang
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-wheat, rice, cotton, and silk
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hydrophyte
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-water loving plant
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silk production
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-silk worms favorite food is the mulberry tree, so they will grow acres and acres of these trees
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Three Gorges Dam
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-largest hydroelectric facility in the world.
-1.5 million relocated because of the dam |
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China
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-has a continuous agricultural civilization.
-was ruled by imperial dynasties for hundreds and hundreds of years |
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China
Spheres of influence |
-outsider interests took president over chinese interests
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Sun Yat-Sen
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-leader of the chinese nationalists, when they overthrew the last dynasty.
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Chiang Kai-shek
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-seceeded sun yat sen
-targeted communists in china to try and eliminate them. |
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China
Long march |
-Communist members pre-long march 100,000
-post-long march 20,000 -lost 80,000 |
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Mao Zedong
how did communists come into power? |
-emerged as leader of the communist after the long march
-Japan invaded china and the communist were way more effective than the nationalists in getting japan out. -communist took over and nationalists were forced to taiwan |
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China
Great leap forward |
-intended to restructure china's economy
-focused on agriculture -massive failure! -30 million died as a result |
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collective farming
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-took all the family owned farms and took them into the hands of the government, operated as huge projects handled by the government
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Great proletariat cultural revolution
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-intended to change china's society
-redid the alphabet |
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Mao's little red book
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-2nd most owned book ever bc so many copies were printed
-mao expected everyone to know this book and follow it |
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China
Richard Nixon |
-accepted an invitation to visit china
-helped china get accepted into the UN |
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Deng Xiaopeng
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-new leader after Mao
-set new policies -one child policy |
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One child policy
negative impacts |
-you're allowed to have on child; intended to slow population growth
-forced abortion; abandonment of female children; male to female ratio in china. |
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female infanticide
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-abandonment of babies, mainly females.
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China is on the verge of what?
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-being the next great super power
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Taiwan
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-there is only a handful of ppl that consider them an independent country
-considered to be a renegade province -if they ever claimed independence china would attack militarily |
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Japan
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-used to be a backwards feudal state, isolated by themselves.
-now its a major industrial power -their population looks to be on the decline -best example of a nation state on the planet. 99% of ppl in Japan are japanese |
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North Korea
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-extremely communist country
-struggle extremely bad with famine-millions have died |
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38th parallel
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-38 degrees latitude
-divided north and south Korea |
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Kim Il Sung
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-communist leader of North Korea
-put in power by the soviets after WWII |
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Korean war
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-1950 the north invaded the south starting the war
-u.s. came to the south's aide and we pushed north korea all the way back against the Yalu river. -General Macarthur wanted to takeover the korea's and china with the force of nuclear power. -he was then relieved of duty. -China came to the aide of north korea |
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cease fire agreement
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-was the korea's truce agreement
-still havent signed a peace treaty till this day, so technically they are still at war. |
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Autarky
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-an economy that thinks they can take care of themselves without any help.
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Kim Jong II
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-son of Kim Il Sung
-believes in propaganda. -tells country they have to invest so much in military because south korea and u.s. is ready to destroy them at any time. -buys ALOT of crown royal! |
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North Korea
Nuclear arms development |
-a couple war heads or maybe even a dozen have been developed.
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Mongolia
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-least densely populated country on the entire planet.
-3 people per square mile -landlocked country -buffer state |
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landlocked country
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-locked in by land
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buffer state
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-weaker country that is sandwiched between regions of strength
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Deccan Plateau
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-built up because of lava flows, and turned into a rugged, hilly plateau
-dravidian language family located in southern india but for the most part in the deccan plateau. -physically isolated from india, and groups of ppl are able to thrive in isolationism |
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Indus river
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-pakistans life plug
-predominant crop productions are wheat (north river) and rice (south river) |
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Ganges river
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-holiest river for the hindu religion.
-becoming one of the most polluted rivers on the planet, due to sewage. -attempts to clean up is upsetting the hindu's because the dont want their river tainted |
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Brahmaputra and ganges rivers
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-flooding is really bad here and can last for weeks/months
-caused by snow melting coming from the mountains. |
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tropical cyclones
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-we call them hurricanes
-they are really bad during the summer -bay of bengal is at extreme risk to cyclones |
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monsoons
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-seasonal distribution of precipitation
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subtropical high pressure system
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-pressure coming down vertically creating a very dry climate. (oct-may)
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equatorial low pressure system
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-air moves up and horizontal air comes in, pulling in condensation from everywhere, turning into a monsoon season. (jun-sept)
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polytheism
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-belief in many gods (hinduism)
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monotheism
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-belief in one god (islam)
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Pakistan
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-India was split into pakistan and india
-hindu's took india and muslims took pakistan |
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indirect rule
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-british decided to give autonomy to the local governments to run the day to day operations of administration.
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direct rule
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-british decided running the day to day operations was prudent
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Karachi
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-was pakistans first capital (on the coast)
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Punjab
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-northern interior of pakistan
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Islamabad
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-new capital of pakistan
-one of its purposes was to take pressure off of karachi, but its main purpose was to justify its international claim over Jammu and kashmir |
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Jammu and Kashmir
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-disputed territory because the leader was hindu but the majority of the country is muslim
-started a war (5 wars over this country) |
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forward capital
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-when a capital is moved
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India
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-was part of the british empire
-british invested tons into infrastructure and education -more universities in india than any other country. -major producer of tea and cotton -dominated by hinduism |
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subsistence agriculture
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-growing what they need to survive, small plots of land.
-over half of india's population is engaged in subsistence agriculture |
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Green revolution
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-group of scientists created seeds that would grow in abundance like rice or wheat
-was intended to solve worlds hunger problem -mixed success; it worked but poor farmers needed pesticides and fertilyzers which they didnt have the money for |
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Brain drain
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-the smarter people leaving india for better oppurtunity
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caste system
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-caste you're born into is the one you're stuck with.
-can influence your education, and who you can marry |
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Mohandas Gandhi
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-assasinated by a fellow hindu, bc gandhi tried to improve the untouchables.
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Buddhism
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-Doesnt have a god
-2nd major religious group in india next to hinduism |
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Siddhartha Gautama
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-founded buddhism
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India
overpopulation |
-2nd country to have over 1 billion people; 1st was china
-birth rate declines because of reasons like increased oppurtunity for women and access to birth control |
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Bangladesh
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-was east pakistan in 1947-1971
-extremely bad floods here -it is a fragmented state |
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population density in Bangladesh
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170 million ppl crammed into bangladesh which is about the size of wisconsin
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Bhutan and Nepal
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-buffer states (sandwiched between china and india)
-dominated by the himalayas -mount everest is on the border or nepal and china. -ppl mainly climb nepal's side because its easier to get a permit |
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Sri Lanka
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-produce about a quarter of the worlds tea crop.
-became an insurgent state |
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Tamil's
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-from southern india
-predominantly hindu -dravidian language family -brought to sri lanka by the british to work on the tea crops |
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Sinhalese
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-primarily buddhist
-indo-european language family |
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Sri lanka
civil war |
-tamil's and sinhalese broke into a civil war in the 1970's
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