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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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does not require energy, molecules move down a concentration gradient
- note: opposite = ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
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Diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Osmosis
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the diffusion of water
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Facilitated diffusion
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uses carrier proteins; involves the transport of glucose
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Hypertonic
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a solution with a GREATER number of molecules.
water enters cell, and cells get BIG - opposite = Hypotonic |
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Hypotonic
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a solution with a SMALLER number of molecules.
water leaves cell, and cells SHRIVEL - opposite = Hypertonic |
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Isotonic
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a solution with an EQUAL number of molecules.
water moves in and out of cell equal, homeostasis |
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Contractile vacuole
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A membrane-bound organelle (found in certain protists) that pumps fluid from within the cell to the outside. requires energy
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Ion channels
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passageway for the diffusion of ions across a cell membrane
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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requires energy,
molecules go against a concentration gradient ex: Sodium potassium pump – 1st 3 sodium ions bind to the INSIDE of the carrier protein 2 potassium ions bind to the OUTSIDE of the carrier protein 2nd a phosphate group (removed from ATP) binds to and changes the shape of the carrier protein. 3rd this causes the 3 sodium ions to be kicked out of the cell, and 2 potassium ions are dragged into the cell 4th the phosphate group is then released from the carrier protein 5th the release of the phosphate group → carrier protein returns to its original shape |
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Exocytosis
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when a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment
- opposite = endocytosis |
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Endocytosis
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when cells ingest external fluids, macromolecules, large particles
- opposite = exocytosis |
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Turgor pressure
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pressure exerted on the cell wall (basically, this pressure pushes out on the cell walls)
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Plasmolysis
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when water leaves cells → cells shrink away from the cell wall → turgor pressure is lost → plants wilt
- opposite = cytolysis |
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Concentration gradient
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differences in the concentration of molecules
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Phagocytosis
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chowing down large molecules and carrying them inside the cell
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Phagocyte
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a cell that eats a lot of things (engaged in phagocytosis
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Pinocytosis
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transport of fluids into the cell
- note: Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis are similar, because both bring things |
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Cytolysis
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bursting of cells because too much water goes inside of
- opposite = Plasmolysis |
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Vesicle
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a membrane-bound sac that contains materials involved in exocytosis, endocytosis, or transport in cells. This is like a tiny balloon inside the cell
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