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8 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Finding/Conclusion 1
In the baseline study when faced with unanimous wrong answers from confederates, the naïve participants also gave wrong answers 36.8% of the time.
This level of conformity was higher than Asch expected in an unambiguous situation, but it also shows us that in the majority of occasions, the naive participants were independent
Finding/Conclusion 2
In a control trial with no confederates giving wrong answers, Asch found that people made mistakes less than 1% of the time.
The control trial clearly illustrates the impact of majority influence on the naive participant’s decision because less than 1% made a mistake when there was pressure to conform, which is much lower than the 36.8% of trials found in the baseline study.
Finding/Conclusion 3
Asch found that one quarter (25%) of the participants never gave a wrong (conforming) answer, whereas some individuals went with the majority nearly all the time, and 75% conformed at least once.
These findings suggest that there are individual differences in the way in which the naive participants reacted to Asch’s situation. Not all of the naive participants behaved in the same way
Finding/Conclusion 4
Participant behaviour (independent or compliant) over the critical trials tended to be consistent: 'those who strike out on the path of independence do not, as a rule, succumb to the majority … those who choose the path of compliance are unable to free themselves and the ordeal is prolonged'.
The consistency of participant behaviour suggests that participant behaviour reflected an aspect of their personality.
Finding/Conclusion 5
Those who were independent had staunch confidence in their own judgement' and felt it was 'their obligation to call the play as they saw it', even though they regarded the majority as correct.
Confident individuals feel able to defy the influence that conformity may have.
Finding/Conclusion 6
Those who were extremely yielding underestimated the frequency with which they conformed. They explained their behaviour in various ways; for example, they said they yielded in order not to spoil the results. Some thought they were 'deficient' in comparison with the rest of the group, and this 'deficiency' needed to be hidden at all costs.
Yielding individuals seemed to have less confidence in their own abilities so they gave over responsibility for their answers to others as they felt deficient.
Bonus Finding/Conclusion 1
The fact that there is such a big difference in the number of incorrect answers given by participants in the control trial (less than 1%) and the critical trials (36.8%) suggests that even with this very unambiguous task, people were still surprisingly conformist.
Bonus Finding/Conclusion 2
The fact that 25% of the participants never conformed and that on 63.2% of the critical trials the naive participants gave a response which was not conforming indicates that most people are surprisingly independent.