As Psychology Star Studies

Front 1

who did a study on the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorder?

Back 1

Krantz et al 1991

Front 2

who did a study on the relationship between stress and the imune system?

Back 2

Kiecolt-Glaser et al1995

Front 3

who did a study on life changes as a source of stress?

Back 3

Rahe et al 1970

Front 4

who did a study on workplace stressors?

Back 4

Marmot et al 1997

Front 5

who did a study on the biological studies of annorexia nervosa?

Back 5

Holland et al 1988

Front 6

who did a study on the psychological causes of annorexia nervosa?

Back 6

Becker 1999

Front 7

who did a study on the biological causes of bulimia nervosa?

Back 7

Kendler et al 1991

Front 8

who did a study on the psychological causes of bulimia nervosa?

Back 8

Cutts & Barrios

Front 9

who did a study on majority influence?

Back 9

Asch 1956

Front 10

who did a study on minority influence?

Back 10

Moscovici et al

Front 11

who did a study on obedience to authority?

Back 11

Milgram

Front 12

who did a study on prison officers and prisoners?

Back 12

Zimbardo

Front 13

'The relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders'- Aim

Back 13

to investigate the extent to which mental stress could be shown to increase myocardial ischemia/ if patients with CHD react differently to those without CHD

Front 14

'The relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders'- procedures

Back 14

39 patients, 12 controls, preformed stroop test, arithmetic task and public speaking task, measured blood pressure & extent of ischemia

Front 15

'The relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders'- findings

Back 15

CHD patients showed highest ischemia & blood pressure in mental tasks. Control showed lowest. Intermediate had moderate or no ischemia and moderate blood pressure

Front 16

'The relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders'- Conclusion

Back 16

direct link between doing a mildly stressful cognitive task and physiological activity that can harm the cardiovascular system. However there are also important individual differences.

Front 17

'The relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders'- crticism, ethical issues

Back 17

is creating mild stress acceptable? especially with cardiovascular patients. however they did have informed consent and the stress was no greater than can be experienced in everyday life

Front 18

'The relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders'- criticism, validity

Back 18

although there was a control on no cardiovascular patients there was not a 'not stressed' control. the patients may have had high bp and ischemia normally.

Front 19

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'- aims

Back 19

to demonstrate the direct effects of stress on the immune system by looking at how quickly a wound heals

Front 20

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'- participants

Back 20

Matched participant design, volunteer sample, experimental group-13 women (aged 47-81) were carers. Control group- 13 matched on age and income (not marital status)

Front 21

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'- proceedures

Back 21

participants given punch biopsy 3.5mm just below the elbow. All the wounds were dressed and treated in the same way by a nurse. Also levels of cytokines were measured and had to do a 10 item percieved stress scale.

Front 22

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'- findings

Back 22

healing in carers took on average 9 days longer(24%) than control. cytokine levels lower in carers. carers percieved themselves to be more stressed.

Front 23

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'- crticism (aplications)

Back 23

important implications for treating peopleh infections (especially recovering after surgery)

Front 24

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'-criticism (sampe bias)

Back 24

matching was inexact. more cares were married (social support) and non-smokers which lowers stress. therefore the carers should have had good imune functions (strenghtens validity)

Front 25

'The relationship between stress and the imune system'- conclusions

Back 25

chronic stress depresses the functions of the immune system. the lower levels of cytokines in carers show chronic stress affects imune system directly.

Front 26

'Life changes as a source of stress'- aims

Back 26

to use the SRRS to test Holmes and Rahe's hypothesis-number of life events positivley correlates with illness on 'normal' people (not ill in hospital)

Front 27

'Life changes as a source of stress'- participants

Back 27

oppertunity sample of 2,700 individuals, all men, on US navy cruisers

Front 28

'Life changes as a source of stress'- procedures

Back 28

a milatary version of SRRS was given to men to complete before tour of duty (noting life experiences in last 6 months). Illness score calculated on number, type, severity of all illness during the tour (7 months). Did not include visit trying to skip work.

Front 29

'Life changes as a source of stress'- findings

Back 29

Positive correlation between LCU score and illness score. correlation coefficient of +0.118

Front 30

'Life changes as a source of stress'- conclusions

Back 30

supports hypothesis of +correlation between life changes and physical illness. Therefore life changes may be a source of stress. Positive and negative events were used proving it is the overall psychic energy required that creates stress

Front 31

'Life changes as a source of stress'- criticism (unreliable data)

Back 31

It is possible that the men did not recall events accurately (e.g may have repressed negative memories or might not recall when it took place)

Front 32

'Life changes as a source of stress'- criticism (is the SRRS a valid measure)

Back 32

the SRRS is criticised for only looking at acute stress rather than chronic, does not distinguish desirable and undesirable, does not account for social resources. This may explain the weak correlation

Front 33

'A study of workplace stressors'- aims

Back 33

to test the job-strain model. looking into the effects of high demand and low control

Front 34

'A study of workplace stressors'- participants

Back 34

civil service employees, men and women, 7,327 participants

Front 35

'A study of workplace stressors'- procedures

Back 35

answer a questionnaire and checked for signs of cardiovascular disorder. 5yrs later participants were reassesed. Recorded- signs of cardiovasucular disease (e.g chest pains), coronary risk factors (e.g smoking) employment grade, sense of job control (questonnarie) and social support (questionnaire)

Front 36

'A study of workplace stressors'- findings

Back 36

participants in highest grades had fewer cardiovascular problems. low grade participants expressed weaker job control and social support. also risk factors could partially explain cardiovascular problems.

Front 37

'A study of workplace stressors'- conclusions

Back 37

low control is linked with high stress and cardiovascular disorder whereas high demand isn't. this does not fully support job strain model as only low control appears to be linked with stress and illness.

Front 38

'A study of workplace stressors'- crticism (socio-economic status)

Back 38

people with lol ses are more likely to smoke, live more stressful environments and have poorer diets. all of which lear to cardiovascular problems. therefor may be due to ses not low control

Front 39

'A study of workplace stressors'- biased sample

Back 39

only used cicil servants. all urban dweller who are probably quite job orientated and ambitious compared to rural areas. studies have shown abitious people are greater effected by workplace stressors