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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acceleration
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(a) - The rate of change of velocity. Measured in metres per second squared (ms⁻²)
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Displacement
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(s/x) - The distance between the initial and subsequent positions of a point or particle. Measured in metres (m).
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Moment
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The product of a quantity and its perpendicular distance from a reference point. Measured in Newton-metres (Nm).
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Newton
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(N) - Unit of Force. Equivalent to kilograms per metres second squared, kgms⁻².
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Principle of Moments
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For a body in rotational equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments.
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Resultant Force
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(R/r) - The net force is the sum of all forces in a system. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Scalar
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A quantity with magnitude but no direction.
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Torque
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The vector product of the radius from the axis of rotation to the point of application of the force and the force vector. Measured in Newton metres (Nm).
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Vector
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A quantity with both magnitude and direction.
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Velocity
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(v) - The rate of change of displacement. Measured in metres per second (ms⁻¹).
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Weight
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(W) - The gravitational force on a body, the product of mass and a gravitational field. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Braking Distance
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The distance travelled while decelerating to a stop.
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Thinking Distance
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The distance travelled from realising the need to stop and then applying the brakes.
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Stopping Distance
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The sum of the braking and thinking distances.
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Conservation of Energy
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A law stating that energy can be neither created or destroyed, but changes form.
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Joule
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(J) - Unit of energy. The work done when a force of one newton acts through a distance of one metre. Equivalent to Watt Second (Ws).
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Work
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(W) - The product of the force and the distance through which a body moves. The transfer of energy from one physical system to another. Measured in Joules (J) or Newton metres (Nm).
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Elastic Deformation
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An object will revert back to its original form after the force deforming it is removed.
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Elastic Limit
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The point at which elastic deformation becomes plastic.
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Hooke's Law
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The principle that the stress imposed on a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced, within the elastic limit.
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Plastic Deformation
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An object will not revert back to its when the deforming force is removed, it is permanently contorted.
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Strain
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The extension per unit length.
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Stress
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The force per unit cross-sectional area. Measured in Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per metres squared (Nm⁻²).
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Ultimate Tensile Strength
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UTS - The maximum tensile force that an object can sustain before it breaks. Measured in Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per metres squared (Nm⁻²), often in the region of Mega Pascals (MPa).
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Young's Modulus
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(E) - The ratio of tensile stress to extensional strain, practically measured in Mega/Giga Pascals (M/GPa) or (Nmm⁻² / kNmm⁻²).
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Force
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(F) - A vector quantity that produces an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Mass
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(m) - A property of a physical body which determines the body's resistance to being accelerated by a force and the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction with other bodies. Measured in Kilograms (Kg).
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Resultant Velocity
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(R/r) - The net velocity is the sum of all velocities in a system. Measured in metres per second (ms⁻¹).
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Terminal Velocity
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The velocity at which an object's drag force equals its accelerating force, therefore having zero acceleration and a resultant force equal to zero.
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Density
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(ρ) - Mass per unit volume. Measured in kilograms per cubic metre (Kgm⁻³).
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Kinetic Energy
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(Ek) - The energy of motion of a body, equal to the work it would do if it were brought to rest. Measured in Joules (J).
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Potential Energy
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(Ep) - The energy of a body or system as a result of its position in an electric, magnetic, or gravitational field. Measured in Joules (J).
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Power
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(P) - The work done, or energy transferred, per unit time. Measured in Watts (W).
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Brittle
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A material that has a tendency to break when subject to high stress, undergoing very little strain reaching their elastic limit, at which they break. Doesn't exhibit plastic deformation.
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Ductile
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A material's ability to deform under tensile stress; often characterised by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Thus exhibiting a large amount of plastic deformation.
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Elastic Potential Energy
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(Ep) - Potential energy that is stored when a body is deformed, such as in a spring. Measured in Joules (J).
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Extension
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(x) - The change in length of an object under the application of a force. Measured in metres (m).
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Force Constant
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(k) - The constant of proportionality in Hooke's Law. Measured in Newtons per metre (Nm⁻¹).
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Tensile Force
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(T) - A force exerted causing an object to stretch. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Acceleration of Free Fall
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(g) - The acceleration of a body under gravity, for Earth: 9.81. Measured in metres per second squared (ms⁻²).
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Average Speed
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(s) - A measure of the total distance travelled in a certain time. Measured in metres per second (ms⁻¹).
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Centre of Gravity
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The point at which the entire weight of an object can be considered to act.
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Compressive Force
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A force exerted causing an object to shorten.
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Couple
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Two equal forces operating on an object in parallel but opposite directions, meaning a resultant moment but no resultant force. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Drag
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The resistive force that acts on a body when moving through a liquid. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Speed
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(s) - Distance travelled per unit time, measured in metres per second (ms⁻¹).
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Time Interval
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(t) - A measure of duration. Measured in seconds (s).
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Upthrust
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Buoyancy - The force exerted by a fluid on a floating body, which opposes the force of gravity and is equal to the body’s density. Measured in Newtons (N).
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Crumple Zone
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An area of a vehicle designed to increase the distance which the vehicle decelerates, reducing the average force acting upon it.
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Pressure
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(P) - Force per unit area. Measured in Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per metre (Nm⁻¹).
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Efficiency
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The ratio of useful output energy to the total input energy.
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Energy
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(E) - The capacity of a physical system to do work. Measured in Joules (J).
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Gravitational Potential Energy
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(Egp) - The energy due to the position of a body or object in a gravitational field. Measured in Joules (J).
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Watt
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(W) - Unit of Power. Equivalent to Joules per second (Js⁻¹).
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Kilowatt-hour
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(kWh) - Unit of energy used by electricity companies. 1kWh = 3.6MJ.
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Tensile Stress
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The tensile force per unit cross sectional area. Measured in Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per metre (Nm⁻¹).
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Distance
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(d) - The extent of space between two objects. Measured in metres (m).
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Drag Coefficient
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A characteristic that determines the amount of a drag that acts on an object.
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Instantaneous Speed
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The speed of an object in a given moment in time.
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Thrust
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A force that propels a body or object in the required direction of motion. Created by engines.
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Turning Force
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One or more forces that if unbalanced will cause rotation.
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Volume
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(V) - The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or region of space. Measured in metres cubed (m³).
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Polymeric
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A material that has the properties of a polymer; many smaller molecules and long chains, allowing it to exhibit very large strain.
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