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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in the U.S, about how many pple contract the flu each year?...how many die?
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-20-25 million contract the flu
-36,000 die/year |
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globally, about how many pandemics of influenza has there been since the 1500s?
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-over 31
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about how many pple died from tuberculosis from 1990-2005?
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-over 120 million
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in what year was HIV/AIDS presented in history and where?
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1981
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is AIDS a disease or syndrome?...what are the specific symptoms?
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-it is a syndrome rather than a disease
-no specific symptoms |
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what is a syndrome?
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-collection of disease
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what is the cause of AIDS?
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-HIV, which destroys the T-cells
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when does someone know that they have AIDS?
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when T4- cells go below 200
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how does HIV cause AIDS?
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-when the T cells and helper cells, which are necessary in producing antibodies are destroyed
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when it came to naming the disease, what 2 names were created before creating AIDS (b/c symptoms/ syndromes were different at times)?
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1. 4H (Homosexuals,Haitians,Heroin users,& Hemophilias)
2.GRID (Gay Related Immune Deficiency) |
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what is the difference between HIV1 and HIV2?
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-HIV1: more prevalent
-HIV2: less prevalent, harmful, transmissable (more in west africa) |
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what was AIDS initial based on when trying to find out the definition of it/ what it is?
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clinical symptoms
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the definition of AIDS was redefined in 1993. what was the impact of this change?
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-increases AIDS prevalence
-1st time symptom free patiesnts can be diagnosed with AIDS. |
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true/ false
HIV infection is not AIDS. |
true b/c it is a disease
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what does HIV stand for?
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Human: affects only humans
Immunodeficiency:attacks human immune system Virus: caused by a virus that can't be cured |
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what does AIDS stand for?
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Acquired: not inherited
Immuno: affects immune system Deficiency: body lacks immunity |
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what is the end stage of the HIV virus?....can it also be transmitted?
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AIDS which is not transmitted. just the virus is transmitted
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what is a virus?
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a parasitic agent that lives inside the cells of their host and reproduce only by making the host produce viral copies
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what type of virus is HIV?
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it is a retrovirus under the retroviridae family making it a potent disease agent
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the spread of aids is more rapid in what type of area?
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rural area
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in 2010, what places will be massively infected?...about how many pple?
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-india, china, russia, ethiopia, and nigeria
-about 75 million |
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in 2003, what were the top ten states considered to have a higha largest #s of aids cases?...which one had the most...(#of cases?)
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1.NY (largest..6,684)
2.california 3.florida 4.texas 5.georgia 6.pennsylvania 7.illinois 8.maryland 9.NJ 10. north carolina |
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what are the 3 most common routes of transmission of aids?
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1.blood to blood
2.mother to infant 3.unprotected sex |
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what are the 4 major risks for heterosexuals?
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1.adolescence
2.adults w/ multiple sex partners 3.those w/STDs 4.heerosexuals use of drugs |
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two thirds of all people living with hiv are located where?
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in sub-saharan africa
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what place is the most affected region in the world and how many pple are living w/ the hiv?....what is the 2nd most affected?
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1.sub sahara africa...25.8million
2.carribean...hiv prevalence,no change in 2005 |
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when it deals with prevalence, what is the formula and things that happen to hiv/aids victims in deeloping countries?
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-prevalence= #of cases of hiv in population/ total pop.
-1. stigmatized 2. discriminated against 3. silenced 4. living in denial |
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in 2005, about how many pple were newly infected?
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5 million
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in 2005, aids claimed how many lives?...mostly what group?
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-3.1million ...more than half were children
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what is the significance of 1959, 1960, mid 1970, 1981?
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*1959- 1st scientific evidence of hiv infection in central africa
*1960-1st aids case *mid 1970-spread around the world *1981-1st recognition or case of hiv in u.s (la, ny, san. francisco) |
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world wide, how many pple were infected w/ hiv in 2004?..how many are infected per/year?
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37 million.....40,000new pple per year.
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what is an epidemiology?...epidemic?
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-the study of detriments and distribution of diseases of population
-rapid &wide spreading of a contagious disease in a place among the pple |
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what are the 3 classes of anti-hiv treatment available in the u.s.?
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-nrti (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
-nnrti (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) -protease inhibitor |
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how does each of the 3 classes of anti-hiv treatments work?
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-(nnrti& nrti both reverse the life cycle)
*nrti-incorporates itself into the viral *nnrti-binds to the reverse transcripatase *protease inhibitor---dont need to know |
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what characteristics make hiv differ from most viruses?
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goes from rna to dna (retrovirus)
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AZT is an example of what class of hiv treatment?
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nrti (neucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
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how are aids and hiv related?
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cant have aids w/o hiv/ not everyone with hiv will get aids
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what type of virus is hiv....what is aids a collection of?
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retrovirus......diseases
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what are some problems w/ vaccines?
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-high vulnerability
-would need to devlop vaccines |
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what is a regiman failure and its types?
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*when anti- hiv medications a person is taking does not control infection
*1. virological failure 2. immuniological failure 3. clinical failure |
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what type of regiman failure is most common and can still be detected in the blood after 48 days?
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virologic failure
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what is HAART and what does it stand for?...main goal?
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-Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy
-is a combination of therapy which has shown to be effective -is suppose to suppress hiv replication or viral load |
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what are the 4 categories for treament for aids/hiv?
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1.nrti
nnrti 2.protease inhibitors 3.infusion inhibitor 4.drug cocktails HAART therapy |
