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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most common heart defect in children with Trisomy 21
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AV canal (aka. endocardial cushion defect)
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what is the most common heart defect in children with Trisomy 18
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VSD, ASD
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what is the most common heart defect in children with DiGeorge syndrome
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aortic arch anomalies
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what is the most common heart defect in children with Williams
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Supravalvular aortic stenosis
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what is the most common heart defect in children with Turner's syndrome
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coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis
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T or F. Most structural heart disease show up in heart scans in utero.
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FALSE. most do not have any hemodynamic significance in utero!!
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what is the most common CHD defect at birth?
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VSD
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you listen for murmurs on a newborn of 2 weeks. does this r/o all heart diseases?
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no, bc not all heart disease manifests with murmur
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what is the most common "silent" CHD?
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TGA
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is a sweaty baby normal?
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no, it's a red flag.
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what are some physical signs of possible heart defects in infants?
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cyanosis, hepatomegaly, 4- extremity blood pressures (kids with coarctation are going to have gradients
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child has signs of poor cardiac output, including weak pulses, cool extremities, tachycardia, pale and mottled skin. The baby is fussy, and doesn't feed well. on PEx, you hear murmurs and feel large liver. what is the most likely dx?
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cardiomyopathy (typically associated with viral infection, like Coxsackie B)
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what is the most common intrinsic airway abnormality?
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tracheo-esophageal fistulae (TEF)
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surfactant is not produced in sufficient quantities until about which week?
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~34 weeks (remember that maternal steroids increase/accelerate production; there is decreased production in IDM, certain families, and Caucasian males)
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a term baby born with congenital pneumonia is likely to be deficient in what?
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surfactant
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a term baby with unpassed meconium is likely to be deficient in what?
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surfactant
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T or F.a child born at 25 weeks with lung dz will always need lifelong lung support.
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false, number of alveoli increases from 50 mil at birth to 300 mill by 3-8 yrs of life. so there's a lot of room for the lung to grow
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which of the following is true in terms of why children are more prone to resp distress than adults?
a. diameter of their airways are smaller b. children have bigger tongues c. head size in infants is proportionally larger with less neck muscle tone --> more obstructive apnea d. diaphragm is major muscle of respiration in young children --> ANY abdominal pathology can lead to resp compromise |
all of them!
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what is the anatomical landmark separating upper from lower airway?
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larynx
so larynx and above = upper airway below larynx = lower airway |
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infant has TOF and ear anomalies. what are possible dx?
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Charge association (coloboma, heart, choanal atresia, growth retardation, genital and ear anomalies)
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newborn infant has tracheoesophageal fistula and limb anomalies. what is the presumptive dx and what type of heart defect is he likely to have?
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VACTERL (vertebral, anal, cardiac, TracheoEsophageal, radial and/or renal, limb anomalies)
likely to have VSD heart defect |
