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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Articulations:
Structure: materials binding it Function: movement allowed |
1. Fibrous, Cartilagenous, Synovial
2. Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses |
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Synarthroses
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Immovable
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Amphiarthroses
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Slightly movable
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Diarthroses
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Freely movable
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Fibrous joints: characteristics
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Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity, immovable
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Fibrous joints: 3 types joints
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1. Sutures
2. Syndesmoses 3. Gomphoses |
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Fibrous sutures:
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fibrous joints btw bones of skull, interlocking junctions, tightly held but allows growth during youth, middle age - bones fuse "synostoses"
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Syndesmoses
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fibrous joints that is separated by a distance held by ligaments.
Slightly movable Ex: tibia, fibula, radius, ulna |
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Gomphoses
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peg in socket fibrous joint btw tooth & alveolar socket
has a fibrous connection called periodontal ligament |
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Cartilaginous joints
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united by cartilage, lacks joint cavity, slight movement
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2 Types of Cartilaginous joints:
Synchondroses Symphyses |
Synchondroses: plate of hyaline cartilage unites bone; synarthrotic Ex: epiphyseal plates in kids; costal cartilage
Symphyses: hyaline covers surface of bone, fused to a pad of fibrocartilage; amphiarthrotic ex: intervertebral joints |
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Synovial joints
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freely movable; synovial fluid in cavity ex: limb joints & most joints of body
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Structure of synovial joints
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Thin layer of articular cartilage at ends of bone, joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, enclosed in joint capsule, synovial membrane surrounds joint has synovial fluid
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Bursa
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pocket or sac filled w/ membranes & fluids
reduces friction, in ligaments muscles skin tendons |
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Tendon sheath
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elongated bursa
wraps completely around tendons |
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Types of synovial joints:
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Plane
Saddle Hinge Pivot Ball & Socket Condyloid |
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Plane
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2 flat surfaces on top of each other, short gliding movement
ex: carpal, vertebral processes |
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Saddle
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2 saddle shaped surfaces at right angles
ex: metatarsals, carpal of thumb |
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Hinge
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movement in one axis, convex cylinder + concave surface
ex: elbows, knee, fingers |
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Pivot
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Rotation around axis
ex: ulna, radius, 1st & 2nd vertebrae |
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Ball & Socket
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All 3 planes
ex: shoulder, hip joints |
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Condyloid
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Ellipsoid oval surface
2 planes - biaxial movement ex: wrist joints |
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Types of movement
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Flexion
Extension Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Eversion Inversion |
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Flexion
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arm up vertically
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Extension
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opposite of flexion,
hyperextension: arm towards back past medial |
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Dorsiflexion
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flexion at ankles, walking on heals toes point up
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Plantar Flexion
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Standing on toes
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Abduction
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Movement away from sagittal plane ex: jumping jacks out - moving legs to side
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Adduction
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Jumping jacks in
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Circumduction
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Making a cone shaped circle
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Rotation: 4types
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Movement around axis
1. Pronation 2. Supination 3. Medial 4. Lateral |
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Pronation
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facing down, palm down
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Supination
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palm up
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Medial
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move to median
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Lateral
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Away from median plane
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Eversion
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Sole foot turned out - ballet
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Inversion
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Sole foot turned in
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Effects of Aging
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few collagenous fibers,
Osteoblast less active Bones brittle, less flexible Less bone mass Osteoclast NORMAL muscle mass decrease Less lubricating Decr. range motion Tendons & Ligaments shorten & stiffen |
