Articulations: General Features

Front 1

What do all types of synovial joints include?

Back 1

An articular capsule

Front 2

What are the outer and inner layers of the fibrous capsule of the synovial joints called?

Back 2

Outer layer: fibrous capsule
Inner layer: synovial membrane

Front 3

What forms the fibrous capsule of the synovial joint and what does it do?

Back 3

Formed from dense connective tissue and it strengthens the joint to prevent the bones from being pulled apart.

Front 4

What is the synovial membrane composed of and what parts of the joint does it line?

Back 4

Connective tissue and it lines all parts of the joint cavity except for surfaces of the articulating bones (which are covered by articular cartilage

Front 5

What does the synovial membrane secrete?

Back 5

a viscous, oily, "synovial fluid" which lubricates the articulating bones and their articular cartilage

Front 6

What does the synovial fluid do for the bones and their articular cartilage?

Back 6

lubricates them, which nourishes and removes wastes from the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage

Front 7

What does the ynovial fluid do when the cartilage is compressed and re-expaneds?

Back 7

nourishes and eliminates wastes from the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage.

Front 8

What do the articular cartilages do?

Back 8

Act as a shock absorber (distributes stresses and force evenly when the pressure in a joint suddenly increases)

Front 9

Where do the chondrocytes get their nutrients if they live in the cartilage which is avascular?

Back 9

Get their nutrients from synnovial fluid.

Front 10

Why isn't a cast good for articular cartilage?

Back 10

Because the slushing of the synovial fluid inside the joint cavity nourishes and removes wastes from the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage (when it is compressed and re-expands).

Front 11

What causes your knuckles to pop?

Back 11

Rupturing gas bubbles in synovial fluid or sudden rupturing of articular surfaces

Front 12

What 6 things do all synovial joints include?

Back 12

An articular capsule, a joint cavity, hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage), ligaments, nerves and blood vessels, and other accessory structures

Front 13

What specific characteristics involved with connective tissue happens in people with Marfan's syndrome?

Back 13

Risk of an aortic anneurism, easily dislocated joints resulting from weak ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules. Cardiovascular system problems involve a weakness in the aorta and abnormal heart valves. Abnormalities in fibrillin

Front 14

What is the synovial joint cavity?

Back 14

A space that contains a small amount of the lubricating synovial fluid.

Front 15

What does the hyaline articular cartilage do for the joint during movement?

Back 15

reduces friction in the joint, acts as a spongy cushion to absorb compression, and prevents damage to the ends of the articulating bones

Front 16

Since articular cartilage is avascular, it heals poorly, what do doctors do to help the healing process if cartilage is involved?

Back 16

Called MICROFRACTURE Drill hole into the diaphysis of bone because this is where red bone marrow is made. The blood drains out and forms a scabby patch. The scabby patch can be luffed, this is why 4-6 weeks after injury, you should not be weight bearing

Front 17

What is vital to articular cartilage's well being?

Back 17

The repetitious compression/relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital because the accompanying pumping action enhances its nutrition and waste removal from the surrounding synovial fluid.

Front 18

What are ligaments composed of?

Back 18

inelastic dense regular connective tissue

Front 19

What do ligaments connect?

Back 19

Bone to bone

Front 20

Can ligaments be within or outside the joint capsule?

Back 20

both