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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Articulation
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The adjustments of the shape and acoustical properties of the vocal tract.
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Articulators
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The structures which allow adjustments.
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The articulative mechanism consists of a ____ and ____.
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Supportive framework
Muscular system |
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Supportive framework for articulation is mostly made up of:
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The facial skeleton, the lower jaw or
mandible, and the cervical vertebrae. |
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The skull can be divided into the...
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...cranium and
the facial skeleton. |
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Cranium (Braincase)
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Houses and protects the brain
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Facial Skeleton
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Forms framework for organs of mastication, production
of speech, respiration, special senses, and muscles used in facial expression |
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The facial skeleton includes 14 bones:
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–Mandible (1)
–Maxillae (2) –Nasal bones (2) –Palatine bones (2) –Lacrimal bones (2) –Zygomatic bones (2) –Inferior conchae (2) –Vomer (1) |
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Mandible
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A single bone in the adult; 2 in a newborn.
The 2 pieces ossify during the first year of life. |
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Important structures on the mandible
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–Symphysis
–Alveolar process –Mental protuberance –Body –Ramus –Angle –Coronoid process –Mental spines (inside) –Condylar process |
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
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The mandible articulates with the temporal bone by
means of a joint that permits both hingelike movement and gliding action. |
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3 ligaments of TMJ
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– Lateral
– Sphenomandibular – Stylomandibular |
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Maxillae
Define and list parts |
Paired set of bones that form entire upper jaw
• Each bone consists of: –Body –Zygomatic process –Frontal process –Alveolar process –Palatine process |
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Nasal Bones
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• 2 small oblong plates of bone
• Form the bridge of the nose |
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Palatine Bones
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• Two ‘L’ shaped bones.
• Horizontal plates contribute to floor of nasal cavity and roof of mouth. • Anterior portion articulates with palatine process of maxilla. • Lateral portion turns and the bone extends upwards. |
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The palantine contribute to the ___ ___ of the hard palatte
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posterior 1/4
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The palantine process of the maxilla contributes to the ___ ___ of the hard palatte.
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Anterior 3/4
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Lacrimal Bones
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• Smallest facial bones.
• Form medial wall of the orbital cavity. |
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Zygomatic Bones
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• Consists of a body
and 3 processes: –Temporal –Frontal –Maxillary • Zygomatic arch |
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Inferior Nasal Conchae
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Turbinates
Make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. |
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Vomer Bone
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• Unpaired thin quadrilateral plate
• Interior half of the bony nasal septum |
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Vomer Bone articulates with:
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–Inferiorly
• Maxillae • Palatine –Superiorly • Ethmoid • Sphenoid |
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Landmarks of cranial bones
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Sutures
• Coronal • Sagittal • Lambdoidal • Squamosal • Occipitomastoid |
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Foramen
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Natural opening through the bone.
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Fossa
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A pit, depression, or concavity, on a bone, or formed from several bones.
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List the 8 cranial bones.
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–Ethmoid (1)
–Frontal (1) –Parietal (2) –Occipital (1) –Temporal (2) –Sphenoid (1) |
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Ethmoid Bone
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• Unpaired bone
• 3 Important parts –Cribriform plate –Crista galli –Perpendicular plate |
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Frontal Bone
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• Forms the anterior part of the braincase
• Important features –Zygomatic process –Coronal suture –Temporal line |
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Parietal Bones
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• Forms the rounded roof of the cranium.
• Sutures –Saggital –Coronal –Lambdoidal –Squamosal |
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Occipital Bone
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• Forms lower and back portions of the
cranium • Important landmarks –Magnum foramen –Occipital condyles –Lambdoidal suture –Occipitomastoid suture |
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Temporal Bones
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Forms most of the lateral base and sides of the
cranium. |
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Parts and landmarks of the temporal bones
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–External audiotry meatus
–Articular fossa –Mastoid process –Styloid process –Zygomatic process –Squamous portion and suture –Petrous portion |
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Sphenoid Bone
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• Single, complex bone.
• Important landmarks: –Greater and lesser wings –Body –Sella Tursica • ‘Turkish saddle’ |
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In addition to the facial and cranial bones, there are 7 more...
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– Auditory ossicles
• Malleus (2) • Incus (2) • Stapes (2) – Hyoid |
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Accessory sinuses or paranasal
sinuses |
–Frontal
–Maxillary –Ethmoid –Sphenoid |
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Function of Sinuses
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• Resonant features are only contribution to
speech. • Lessen weight of the skull. |
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The vocal tract is divided into 5 cavities:
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–Buccal
–Oral –Pharnygeal –Paired nasal (2) |
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Buccal Cavity
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Space limited by the lips and cheeks
externallyand the gums and teeth internally. Communicates with the oral cavity through small spaces between the teeth and where the ‘wisdom teeth’ should be. |
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Oral Cavity Bounded by:
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–Anteriorly and laterally-teeth and alveolar
process –Superiorly-hard and soft palate –Posteriorly-palatoglossal arch –Inferiorly-muscular floor or the tongue |
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Oropharyngeal Isthmus
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How the oral cavity and the pharyngeal
and nasal cavities communicate. |
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Oropharyngeal Isthmus Bounded by:
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–Laterally-palatoglossal arch
–Superiorly-soft palate –Inferiorly-dorsum or back of the tongue |
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Pharyngeal Cavity
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• Musculomembranous tube running from
the base of the skull to the 6thcervical vertebra. • 12 cm in length. • Continues down into the esophagus. |
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Pharyngeal Cavity divided into 3 areas:
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–Nasopharynx
–Oropharynx –larygopharynx |
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Nasopharynx
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• Bounded superiorly by
the rostrum (‘beak’) of the sphenoid to the soft palate inferiorly. • Communicates anteriorly with the posterior nares of the nasal cavities and posteriorly with the pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube. |
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Oropharynx
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• Starts at the level of
the soft palate and continues to the level of the hyoid bone. • Communicates with anteriorly with the oral cavity via the faucial pillars (arches) |
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Laryngopharynx
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• Bounded superiorly at
the level of the hyoid and is continuous with the esophagus inferiorly. • Communicates with the aditus laryngis. |
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Nasal Cavities
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Made up of 2 symmetrical
chambers separated by the nasal septum. |
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Nasal septum
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medially
placed, vertically directed plate of bone and cartilage – Anterior cartilaginous portion – Posterior bony portion • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid • Vomer bone • Rostrum of the sphenoid |
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Lateral walls of nasal cavities are made up
by: |
–Superior, Medial,
Inferior Conchae –Corresponding nasal passages also called meatuses. |
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Meatuses
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Named for which conchae lies over
them. |
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Biological functions of the mouth
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• Communicates between the digestive and
respiratory tracts and the exterior. • Initiation of the digestive process. |
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Nonbiological functions of the mouth
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Modify the resonant characteristics of the vocal
tract and may also generate speech sounds. |
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Landmarks of the lip
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–External:
• Philtrum • Columella • Tubercle • Vermilion zone –Internal: • Superior labial frenulum • Inferior labial frenulum |