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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Articulation
The adjustments of the shape and acoustical properties of the vocal tract.
Articulators
The structures which allow adjustments.
The articulative mechanism consists of a ____ and ____.
Supportive framework
Muscular system
Supportive framework for articulation is mostly made up of:
The facial skeleton, the lower jaw or
mandible, and the cervical vertebrae.
The skull can be divided into the...
...cranium and
the facial skeleton.
Cranium (Braincase)
Houses and protects the brain
Facial Skeleton
Forms framework for organs of mastication, production
of speech, respiration, special senses, and muscles
used in facial expression
The facial skeleton includes 14 bones:
–Mandible (1)
–Maxillae (2)
–Nasal bones (2)
–Palatine bones (2)
–Lacrimal bones (2)
–Zygomatic bones (2)
–Inferior conchae (2)
–Vomer (1)
Mandible
A single bone in the adult; 2 in a newborn.
The 2 pieces ossify during the first year of life.
Important structures on the mandible
–Symphysis
–Alveolar process
–Mental protuberance
–Body
–Ramus
–Angle
–Coronoid process
–Mental spines (inside)
–Condylar process
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
The mandible articulates with the temporal bone by
means of a joint that permits both hingelike movement
and gliding action.
3 ligaments of TMJ
– Lateral
– Sphenomandibular
– Stylomandibular
Maxillae

Define and list parts
Paired set of bones that form entire upper jaw
• Each bone consists of:
–Body
–Zygomatic process
–Frontal process
–Alveolar process
–Palatine process
Nasal Bones
• 2 small oblong plates of bone
• Form the bridge of the nose
Palatine Bones
• Two ‘L’ shaped bones.
• Horizontal plates contribute to floor of
nasal cavity and roof of mouth.
• Anterior portion articulates with palatine
process of maxilla.
• Lateral portion turns and the bone extends
upwards.
The palantine contribute to the ___ ___ of the hard palatte
posterior 1/4
The palantine process of the maxilla contributes to the ___ ___ of the hard palatte.
Anterior 3/4
Lacrimal Bones
• Smallest facial bones.
• Form medial wall of the orbital cavity.
Zygomatic Bones
• Consists of a body
and 3 processes:
–Temporal
–Frontal
–Maxillary
• Zygomatic arch
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Turbinates
Make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Vomer Bone
• Unpaired thin quadrilateral plate
• Interior half of the bony nasal septum
Vomer Bone articulates with:
–Inferiorly
• Maxillae
• Palatine

–Superiorly
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
Landmarks of cranial bones
Sutures
• Coronal
• Sagittal
• Lambdoidal
• Squamosal
• Occipitomastoid
Foramen
Natural opening through the bone.
Fossa
A pit, depression, or concavity, on a bone, or formed from several bones.
List the 8 cranial bones.
–Ethmoid (1)
–Frontal (1)
–Parietal (2)
–Occipital (1)
–Temporal (2)
–Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid Bone
• Unpaired bone
• 3 Important parts
–Cribriform plate
–Crista galli
–Perpendicular plate
Frontal Bone
• Forms the anterior part of the braincase
• Important features
–Zygomatic process
–Coronal suture
–Temporal line
Parietal Bones
• Forms the rounded roof of the cranium.
• Sutures
–Saggital
–Coronal
–Lambdoidal
–Squamosal
Occipital Bone
• Forms lower and back portions of the
cranium
• Important landmarks
–Magnum foramen
–Occipital condyles
–Lambdoidal suture
–Occipitomastoid suture
Temporal Bones
Forms most of the lateral base and sides of the
cranium.
Parts and landmarks of the temporal bones
–External audiotry meatus
–Articular fossa
–Mastoid process
–Styloid process
–Zygomatic process
–Squamous portion and suture
–Petrous portion
Sphenoid Bone
• Single, complex bone.
• Important landmarks:
–Greater and lesser
wings
–Body
–Sella Tursica
• ‘Turkish saddle’
In addition to the facial and cranial bones, there are 7 more...
– Auditory ossicles
• Malleus (2)
• Incus (2)
• Stapes (2)
– Hyoid
Accessory sinuses or paranasal
sinuses
–Frontal
–Maxillary
–Ethmoid
–Sphenoid
Function of Sinuses
• Resonant features are only contribution to
speech.
• Lessen weight of the skull.
The vocal tract is divided into 5 cavities:
–Buccal
–Oral
–Pharnygeal
–Paired nasal (2)
Buccal Cavity
Space limited by the lips and cheeks
externallyand the gums and teeth
internally.
Communicates with the oral cavity through
small spaces between the teeth and where
the ‘wisdom teeth’ should be.
Oral Cavity Bounded by:
–Anteriorly and laterally-teeth and alveolar
process
–Superiorly-hard and soft palate
–Posteriorly-palatoglossal arch
–Inferiorly-muscular floor or the tongue
Oropharyngeal Isthmus
How the oral cavity and the pharyngeal
and nasal cavities communicate.
Oropharyngeal Isthmus Bounded by:
–Laterally-palatoglossal arch

–Superiorly-soft palate
–Inferiorly-dorsum or back of the tongue
Pharyngeal Cavity
• Musculomembranous tube running from
the base of the skull to the 6thcervical
vertebra.
• 12 cm in length.
• Continues down into the esophagus.
Pharyngeal Cavity divided into 3 areas:
–Nasopharynx
–Oropharynx
–larygopharynx
Nasopharynx
• Bounded superiorly by
the rostrum (‘beak’) of the
sphenoid to the soft
palate inferiorly.
• Communicates anteriorly
with the posterior nares of
the nasal cavities and
posteriorly with the
pharyngeal orifice of the
auditory tube.
Oropharynx
• Starts at the level of
the soft palate and
continues to the level
of the hyoid bone.
• Communicates with
anteriorly with the oral
cavity via the faucial
pillars (arches)
Laryngopharynx
• Bounded superiorly at
the level of the hyoid
and is continuous with
the esophagus
inferiorly.
• Communicates with
the aditus laryngis.
Nasal Cavities
Made up of 2 symmetrical
chambers separated by
the nasal septum.
Nasal septum
medially
placed, vertically directed
plate of bone and
cartilage
– Anterior cartilaginous
portion
– Posterior bony portion
• Perpendicular plate of
ethmoid
• Vomer bone
• Rostrum of the sphenoid
Lateral walls of nasal cavities are made up
by:
–Superior, Medial,
Inferior Conchae
–Corresponding nasal
passages also called
meatuses.
Meatuses
Named for which conchae lies over
them.
Biological functions of the mouth
• Communicates between the digestive and
respiratory tracts and the exterior.
• Initiation of the digestive process.
Nonbiological functions of the mouth
Modify the resonant characteristics of the vocal
tract and may also generate speech sounds.
Landmarks of the lip
–External:
• Philtrum
• Columella
• Tubercle
• Vermilion zone
–Internal:
• Superior labial frenulum
• Inferior labial frenulum