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151 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
A structure is considered a high-rise at a height of how many feet?
greater than 60 Feet
High-rise structures are generally how many stories?
6 stories
Means of fire travel from the apartment or floor of origin to the apartment or floor above. Fire venting out of a window directly exposes the apartment window above and fire spreads into that apartment by way of direct flame impingement, radiant, and/or convected heat.
Auto Exposure
Metal channel or raceway allowing wiring to run from one floor to another, or from one meter room to another.
Bus Duct
Condition in a centrifugal pump where the impeller is spinning but no water is moving. This may result in overheating and damage to the pump.
Churning
The subdividing of floor areas by fire resistive partitions or separations into smaller spaces or compartments. Unlike residential occupancies, non-compartmentalized commercial occupancies present a challenge of fire attack in large, open areas.
Compartmentation
A term used to describe a non-load bearing wall of a building whose purpose is to keep out the weather and seal the building, masonary panels attatched to the structure through connections at the floors or columns of the building. These walls create a vertical path for fire travel via the structural voids in between the curtain wall and the structure.
Curtain Wall
A firefighter from the initial attack team designated to remain in control of the elevator prior to the implementation of Lobby Control.
Elevator Control Firefighter (ECF)
A unit established at a high-rise incident for logistical support of the operation. This position supervises personnel accountability, elevators, stairways, building systems, and evacuation.
Lobby Control
Occurs in high-rises of sufficient height. Air naturally moves into the building below the NPP; above the NPP, air natuarally moves out of the building; and at the NPP, there is neutrality in air movements.
Neutral Pressure Plane
The NPP is affected by what?
fire-generated heat currents, stack effect, temperature differentials and wind speed.
The space between the ceiling and the floor above that is used for heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) air return.
Plenum
These are devices attatched to the standpipe outlets of some buildings to prevent outlet discharge pressures from exceeding 100 PSI. Some are easily removed, so are not removed at all.
Pressure Reducing Device
The time that it takes a company to begin operations on the fire floor after arrival on scene.
Lead Time
The entire face of the structure that can be effectively reached by an aerial ladder without repositioning.
Scrub Area
A stairway separated from the building designed to prevent the spread of smoke into the stairway keeping it clear for evacuation.
Smoke Proof Stairway

(a.k.a. fire tower)
The process where hot smoke begins to cool and lose its buoyancy during ascent within a structure.
Smoke Stratification
The natural vertical movement of air within a structure. It is affected by the air tightness of the building and temperature gradient between interior and exterior of the building.
Stack Effect
Movement of air upward that occurs when it is colder outside than it is inside.
Positive Stack Effect
Movement of air downward and occurs when it is colder inside than outside
Negative Stack Effect
Buildings greater than 40 stories
Ultra Highrise
When the building is designed with all primary vertical structures grouped together in the center of the building.
Core Construction
Buildings that move the core from the center
Side Core Construction
Provides elevators and stairs at seperate locations on each floor.
Traditional Construction
Residential high-rise buildings in FLFRs response area are generally of _______________________________
Concrete Construction
Interior walls are drywall with at least _______________
a 30 Minute fire resistance rating.
This type of construction in rare in South Florida
Steel Frame Construction
Commercial buildings may also have _________________, which are non load bearing lightweight material or glass panels attatched to structural concrete columns.
Curtain Walls
In high-rises, generally roofs are constructed of?
Concrete with a waterproof covering such as insulated panels, tar and gravel, etc.
Majority of High-rises are constructed with?

(feature)
Enclosed hallways
Open hall high-rises are seldom greater than?
10 stories
These spaces provide a ready means for horizontal fire and smoke spread as well as an accumulation area for highly flammable products of combustion.
Plenum
High-rise floor construction is pre-dominantly?
Reinforced concrete with post tension concrete and metal joist supported concrete used more sparingly.
During fire involvement, reinforced concrete poses little concerns other than?
Localized spalling
_______ and __________ are typically arranged so that plumbing pipes are in a straight column from floor to floor.
1) Kitchens

2) Bathrooms
Each apartment has its own?
electrical meter
Meters are located in?
Electrical meter rooms located;

1) on the ground floor
2) the basement
3) or on each individual floor in an isolated meter room
Any crew that encounters a door that swings outward into the hallway in a highrise should suspect?
Some sort of building utilities in the room behind the door
Basements, which are common in hotel type occupancies, generally contain?
Much of the building's machinery rooms, maintenance shops, receiving departments, etc.
In most cases basements are?
below grade at the front of the structure but at grade along one of the sides and/or rear.
New parking garages in high-rise buildings are generally required to be?
sprinklered and stand-piped
Stairs are usually one of these four types?
1) return
2) scissor
3) wrap-around
4) access
Unless open or smoke proof, all stairwells will serve as ?
Chimney's for heat and smoke
Most common type of stairs, named so because they cause you to ascend/descend to a "half-landing" and "return" to continue the ascent/descent to the next floor
Return Stairs
These stairs provide a straight run from one floor to another and only change direction at each floor. The door leading out to the floors alternates location on each floor as determined by the length of the run.
Scissor Stairs
These stairs "wrap around" and elevator or open shaft. The open shaft will again allow a vertical hose stretch, while the elevator shaft will necessitate the use of 50' of hose per floor.
Wrap-around stairs
These type of stairs are not egress stairs. They are generally designed to serve one or two floors within the same space or occupancy inside the high-rise. and are not enclosed. They also provide for easy fire extension.
Access Stairs
Stairways should be designated as?
Attack, ventilation, and evacuation when possible
Fire alarm annunciator panels should be located where in high-rises?
in the lobby
these systems are designed for Fire Department use and larger hose streams. They contain 2 1/2" outlets and NO OCCUPANT USE HOSE CABINETS. The standpipe outlets are located in the stairwells.
Class 1 systems
These systems are designed for OCCUPANT USE. They provide 1 1/2" outlets with occupant use hose cabinets. Not designed for FD use.
Class 2 systems
These systems are designed for BOTH OCCUPANT AND FD USE. Two basic designs require providing the 2 1/2" outlets in the stairs in addition to the hose equipped with a 2 1/2" outlet reduced to 1 1/2".
Class 3 systems
All standpipes should be supplied with?
Two 3" hoselines
The engine company officer assigned water supply must determine whether?
the fire pump is providing the required water flow and if not then FD apparatus shall pump the system and the fire pump will be shut down.
The remaining un-sprinklered high-rise residences have until __________ to become fully sprinklered as required by the Florida Building Code.
The year 2012
Fire Pumps are engineered to provide the required pressures to the upper-most floors as mandated by?
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
An assignment will not be ___________________ until physical confirmation by FLFR personnel of the situation and conditions present on the involved floors
Slowed to code 1 or downgraded
What is the primary function of the first arriving engine on a high rise fire?
Attack (all personnel in full PPE will proceed to the fire floor)
What are the tool assignments for the first arriving engine at a high rise fire?
Officer = TIC, handlight, 75 FT section of 1 3/4" or 50 FT section of 2 1/2" attack hose, and a rescue rope bag

DE= handlight, 50 FT section of 2 1/2" supply hose with high-rise accessory gear bag. Fire service and elevator keys.

FF= hand light, 75 FT section of 1 3/4" or 50 FT section of 2 1/2" attack hose and irons supported by a Milwaukee iron sling
The first arriving engine should be positioned?
Not blocking the FDC for the third engine and leaving room for the aerial apparatus
If the first arriving unit advises that the building is equipped with a dry standpipe or that there is a lack of water in the standpipe?
the second arriving engine will assume the responsibilities of the third arriving engine.
What is the primary function of the second arriving engine?
Back Up
What are the tool assignments for the second arriving engine at a high rise?
Officer= TIC, handlight, 75 FT section of 1 3/4" or 50 FT of 2 1/2" attack hose, rope rescue bag

DE= Hand light, 50 FT section of 2 1/2" supply hose with accessory gear bag. Fire service and elevator keys

FF= Handlight, 75 FT section of 1 3/4" or 50 FT section of 2 1/2" attack hose and a set of irons supported using a Milwaukee iron sling
If a true working high-rise fire is suspected?
the 2 1/2" attack line is strongly suggested
The second arriving company officer (engine) upon arrival on scene of a high rise fire shall?
check with command for assignment but most likely will direct crew to the fire floor
What is the primary function of the third arriving engine on a high-rise fire?
Water Supply
Where should the driver of the third arriving engine spot the apparatus?
To supply the FDC
After securing the water supply to the building, the officer and firefighter should do what?
Proceed to the fire pump room and ensure that it is correctly operating
If a building is sprinklered, hydrants are generally where?
within 150 FT of the FDC
Once completing all water supply and fire pump tasks, what could be a possible assignment for the 3rd arriving engine crew?
elevator control, lobby control, forward staging officer, aide to IC or work on the upper floors
Tool assignments for the third arriving engine? (high rise)
Officer= TIC, 6' Hook, handlight, rope bag, or hoseline as directed by IC

Driver= Apparatus

FF= Irons, handlight, tools assigned by CO
The primary responsibility for the third arriving engine officer is?
Assure that companies operating on the fire floor have adequate water supply.
Upon arrival on scene of a high rise fire, the first arriving ladder should position where?
Near the building.
Exterior aerial operations will be determined by who?
IC
Tool assignments for the first arriving ladder company?
Officer= TIC, 6' hook, hand light, Hydra ram

DE= Fire service and elevator keys, hand light, 6' universal hook, water can

FF= Irons, team search rope bag, handlight
Primary function for the first arriving ladder company?

(high rise fire)
Search/ventilation
Nothing should deter the first arriving suppression unit from placing the initial attack line into service except?
an imminent rescue need
The entry crew ______1____ will determine the uses of the elevator or stairwell as a mode of ascent to the fire floor based on the ________2__________
1) Officer

2) Lucky 7 rule
If the fire is reported on the ______1_____ or below, the ______2_____ will be used to gain access.
1) sixth floor

2) stairwell
If the fire is on the ____1____ and above, crews may use the elevator in _____2____.
1) Seventh floor

2) Firemen's service mode
Who do you assure that the elevator is in firemen's service mode?
Go to the second floor and test the operation
When using the elevator, crews should only ascend?
three floors at a time, stopping every three floors to check on conditions
Under no circumstances should the elevator be taken where?
Directly to the fire floor
Upon arrival at the fire floor, the entry crew officer shall determine and designate what?
the fire attack stairwell and the evacuation stairwell.

(must be communicated to dispatch to advise incoming companies)
Who shall proceed to the hose cabinet or standpipe to begin making connections?
The Driver Engineer (1st engine)
The Driver Engineer shall leave what in the stairwell for another company to use?
50' 2 1/2" hose, then obtain the 75' of 1 3/4" hose from the officer and make connections.
The officer of the first arriving engine shall?

(upon arrival at fire floor)
Proceed to the half landing between the floor below the fire and the fire floor. Then the rescue rope bag will be placed on the half landing floor next to the wall for future use as needed.
Who will assure that the hoseline is connected at the water thief?
The company officer
Who will charge the line?

(when ordered by the officer)
The Driver Engineer
If conditions on the fire floor are clear enough, crews may?
make the supply line hook up using the 6-8FT drop hose from the standpipe or hose cabinet.
If conditions do not permit, then make the hook up where?
On the floor below
The best practice for hooking up to a standpipe is?
to hook up on the floor below the fire floor if sufficient hose is available.
If during the fire attack it is found that the 150FT primary attack hose line does not reach the fire, then?
the line may be extened by using the extra 50FT of 2 1/2" hose
Once the hose line has controlled the fire, attention must be placed on?
conducting a primary search (if not already in progress)
If the IC has not changed the assignment for the second due engine, they will report where?
to the floor below the fire
Responsibilites for the second arriving engine upon arriving at the fire floor include?
Place a back up line in service, primary or secondary search.
The High rise evolution for the second arriving engine will?
remain the same as the first arriving engine, with the hook up being made on the floor below the fire using extra 2 1/2" section of hose
In the absence of specific orders, the fourth arriving engine should?
standby at the nearest appropriate water source and prepare for a supply evolution.
Second alarm and additional suppression apparatus should?
Be assigned tasks that are not currently underway; should be prepared to become a RIT
The second arriving rescue shall be assigned to?
Medical sector, or be newly assigned to fire suppression or Lobby Control activities
Medical/treatment/triage area should be established where?
a few floors below the fire floor
Generally, a working high rise fire will require?
The immediate assignment of the first three companies to the fire floor
Who should be immediately assigned to the fire floor?

(high rise)
first two engine companies, ladder company and first rescue company
When assigning multiple companies to work on a particular floor, the IC should?
Establish a Division that corresponds with the floor number
The company officer assigned to a Dvision may later be relieved by?
A battalion chief
When a division is established, all ______________ should go through this officer.
Communications
When the fire is above the ______1______ floor, the RIT, Rehab and/or support companies shall be assigned/staged _______2_______
1) Fourth

2) Two floors below the fire floor
The staging area with the assigned officed shall be designated?
Interior staging
The initial Battalion Chief may establish command where?
in their vehicle or in the lobby
The second arriving battalion chief should?
Be ready to proceed upstairs in full PPE.
The second arriving battalion chief shall become?
Division Supervisor
An Operations Division Chief that assumes command shall?
retain the original BC/IC as a command aide
The three basic defensive options for high rise fires are?
1) position defensive attack lines from the safety of the stairwells

2) Allow the fire to burn out

3) Apply defensive streams from an adjacent building
After beginning attack on the fire, an aggressive primary search should first target?
bedrooms and means of egress of the fire apartment
After search of the fire apartment is underway?
search the adjacent apartments
Search and evacuation should be prioritized as follows?
1) Fire Floor

2) The floor above the fire floor

3) The Top Floor

4) Any floors below the fire that contain smoke

5) The outside perimeter of the structure
Companies assigned to check the upper floors should equip themselves with?
Carbon Monoxide gas meters
Master keys may be found where?
In the knox box
In the event that multiple people are evacuating down the attack stairwell,
the initial attack may have to be delayed
Segregations of stairwells is key for?
Evacuation, rescue effortsm ventilation and fire ground ops
Secondary searches of all areas should include?
the monitoring of CO gas
If a fire occurs on the lower floors of a highrise, it may be quicker to?
stretch a preconnect
For portable standpipe evolutions, consideration should be given to?
Securing the hose line to the building below each coupling
If the fire floor is tenable ?
a dry line may be stretched and charged at the front door
Unless a seperate hose team is successfully extinguishing the lower floor fire, no crew should?
Proceed to an upper floor without first extinguishing fire on the lower floor
High rise fires are seldom beyond the control of?
one to three 1 3/4" hoselines each flowing 180 GPM
The required hose lengths may exceed?
200 FT
Which size nozzle should be used to facilitate the passing of debris and sedimentation from the standpipe?
15/16th tip
Only the last _________ leading to the nozzle should be deployed and managed in the stairwell.
100 FT
Hose should not be stretched higher than?
one floor above the fire

(the landing between the fire floor and floor above)
In order to assure a flow of 180 gpm, a pressure of _____1____ psi for ____2____ of hose is required at the in line gauge.
1) 80

2) hose up to 100 psi of 200 FT
When advancing an attack line greater than ______1___, ____2____ must work together.
1) 150 FT

2) Two Companies
When advancing hose with 2 companies?
One company should advance to the fire room and the other should remain in the stairwell to assist in stretching.
To ensure enough hose to work inside, the nozzle team must have both the nozzle and ________ at the apartment fires door
50 FT of hoseline
Unexpected situations that may necessitate use of a 2 1/2" hoseline are?
Low standpipe pressures, large floor areas, wind driven and advanced fires
Stiff or frozen swivels (FDC) can be overcome by using?
double males and females, or twisting the hose several turns counterclockwise
When a FDC cannot be supplied because of damage or inability to locate, a standpipe system can be supplied utilizing?
a first floor hose outlet
For ocean and intercoastal properties, what should the IC consider the use of?
The Fire boat
If multiple FDCs are located, such as one for a sprinkler and one for a standpipe, what should be done?
Two seperate pumpers connected to hydrants should be used to supply them. Sprinklers should be supplied first.
Even with optimum positioning, 100' aerial ladders are limited to a reach about?
to the Eigth floor
As a general rule, ladders should not be commited to?
use as exterior standpipes
Utilizing ladders for external standpipes should be reserved for?
situations in which there is no other potential need for them and other methods of hoseline deployment are not practical
When initially pressurizing a stairwell, fan operators must be ready to?
Immediately discontinue PPV
As soon as a fire is under control, begin searching for?
Sprinkler zones to shut off active heads
Looped systems will require shutting off?
two or more zone valves to the affected area.
If zone valves can not be located, how can sprinklers be shut down?
Advise command to have the OS&Y shut down outside
When may debris be thrown from upper floors?
When safe and practical with permission from the Fire Investigation team
Lobby Control is established to?
assist IC with personnel accountablility, control building systems, control and direct evacuees, and logistical support
The Lobby Control officer should be relieved by who?
Battalion chief
Stairwell support includes?
Placing one or two FFs in the stairs at every other floor up to the fire floor
When using the elevator, companies should?
exit one to two floors below the fire floor and walk up the stairs