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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arthropod characteristics |
-Jointed appendages -Covered with chitinous exoskeleton -have a hemocoel -simple circulatory system -variety of resp. systems -dioecious -reproduce via eggs |
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Why are they important in vet med? |
-primary parasites of domestic animals -produce venom or toxic substances -serve as intermediate host for protozoan and helminth parasites -serve as vector for other pathogens |
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Acarina |
Mites, ticks |
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Crustacea |
Aquatic anthropods |
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Myriopoda |
Centipedes and millipedes (Not found in North America) |
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Myriopoda |
Centipedes and millipedes |
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Dictyloptera |
Cockroaches and grasshoppers |
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Coleoptera |
Beetles |
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Lepidoptera |
Moths and butterflies |
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Hemiptera |
True bugs |
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Anoplura |
Sucking lice |
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Mallophaga |
Chewing lice |
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Diptera |
Two-winged flies |
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Siphonaptera |
Fleas |
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Ctenocephalides felis |
Common name=cat flea *most common flea of cats and dogs* |
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Diptera Only adult females feed on blood |
Simulium Lutzomyia Culicoides Anopheles quadrimaculatus, aedes aegypti, culex Chrysop, Tabanus |
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Simulium |
Common name= black flies, Buffalo gnats Found by streams Bites very painful Prevention= Keep cattle and equine in barn during daylight hours, repellents |
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Lutzomyia |
Common name=new world sand flies Found in dark moist environments Tiny and covered in hair Transmit Leishmania |
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Culicoides |
Common name=no-see-ums, punkies Found in aquatic areas Very painful bites Horses can become allergic to bite (sweet itch) Intermediate host of onchocerca Vector for blue tongue virus in sheep |
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Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Aedes aegypti, Culex |
Common name=mosquito Found near still water Voracious feeders |
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Chrysop (deer flies) Tababus (horseflies) |
Very large flies with big eyes Found near ponds and lakes Vector for anthrax, anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia |
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Diptera Both males and females feed |
Glossina Stomoxys calcitrans Haematobia irritans Meliphagus ovinus |
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Glossina |
Common name=Tsetse fly Only found in Africa Resembles a wasp Intermediate for Trypanosoma Population control through release of sterile males |
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Stomoxys calcitrans |
Common name=stable fly, biting house fly, legsticker Found in central and southeast US Prefer cattle, horses, and tips of pointy eared dogs |
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Haematobia irritans |
Common name=horn fly Found on cattle throughout North America Causes most losses in cattle Significant irritation Leads to decreased weight gain and milk production Intermediate host for Stephanofilaria stilesi Prevention through use of insecticides and trap |
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Ctenocephalides canis |
Common name= dog flea *uncommon* |
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Melophagus ovinus |
Common name=sheep ked Affects sheep and goats ***wingless and permanent*** Significant anemia Ked feces damages the wool by staining |
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Diptera Adults feed on mucus,tears,saliva |
Musca domestica Musca autumnalis Calliphora, Lucilia, Phormia, Phaenicia Sarcophaga Liohippelates |
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Musca domestica |
Common name=house fly Sponging mouthparts Vomit drop feeders Facultative myiasis
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Musca autunmalis |
Common name=face fly Affects cattle Sponging mouthparts Vector for pinkeye |
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Calliphora, Lucilia, Phormia, Phaenicia |
Common name=bottle flies, blow flies Sponging mouthparts Vomit drop feeders Facultative myiasis |
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Sarcophaga |
Common name=flesh fly Found only in North America Sponging mouthparts Vomit drop feeders Facultative myiasis |
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Liohippelates |
Common name=dog penis gnat Found in North and South America Affect canines and bovines |
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Facultative myiasis producing flies |
Normally free living larvae that adapt themselves to a parasitic dependence within the subcutaneous tissue Attracted to=skin with a wound, hair matted with feces Adult female flies feed at sites and lay eggs Eggs hatch and turn into maggots Development of maggots is called a fly strike |
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Diptera Obligatory myiasis producing flies |
Cochliomyia homnivorax Cuterebra Hypodermic lineatum, bovis |
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Ctenocephalides simplex |
Common eastern rabbit flea |
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Odontopsylla multispinosus |
Giant eastern rabbit flea |
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Echidnophaga gallinacean |
Common name=poultry flea |
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Siphonaptera (flea) pathology |
Primary diseases=flea allergy dermatitis, discomfort, anemia Intermediate=dipylidium and A. Recnditum Vector for human disease= (plague and typhus) |
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Siphonaptera diagnosis |
Flea dirt, add water and red (blood) will show |
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Siphonaptera treatment and prevention |
Adulticides=kill adult flea IGR=prevent juveniles from developing Adulticide/IGR combo Treat the yard, house, animal |
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Diptera (two-winged flies) general info |
All adults have one pair of wings -vary in size, food preference, developmental stages |
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Diptera classification |
Only adult females feed on vertebrate blood Both adult males and females feed on vertebrate blood Adults fees on mucus, tears, and saliva Obligatory myiasis producing flies Fly larvae infect GI tract Fly larvae infect resp tract |
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Cochliomyia hominivorax |
Common name=screwworm Found in North America but has been eradicated Reportable Adult female lays eggs in fresh wounds |
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Cimex lectularius |
Common name=bed bug Affects humans, rabbits, poultry, and pigeons Nocturnal feeders Not a vector for any disease |
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Hymenoptera: stinging insects |
Fire ants Bees, wasps, and hornets Africanized honeybees, “killer bees” |
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Dictyoptera: cockroaches and grasshoppers |
Nocturnal Vector for salmonella |
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Coleoptera: beetles |
Serve as intermediate hosts for S. lupi, Gongylonema, M. hirudinaceus Blister beetles |
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Lepidoptera: moths and butterflies |
Adult stage (none affect) Larval stage (caterpillars) |
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Arcarina: mites and ticks General info |
Infestation is called acariasis 4 stages (egg, 6 legged larval, 8 legged nymphal, 8 legged adult) |
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Cuterebra |
Common name=warbles Found in North America Occasionally affects dogs and cats but primarily seen in rabbits, squirrels, mice, rats, chipmunks Adult female fly lays eggs near entrance to rodent burrows Neck and head of dogs and cats become infested when they investigate burrows Larva form lesion with breathing hole (looks like bullet hole) Surgical removal is curative |
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Hypoderma lineatum, bovis |
Common name= adults (gad flies)/larvae (cattle grubs) Found in US and Canada Affects cattle H. lineatum migrates through esophagus H. bovis migrates through spinal canal |
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Diptera Larvae that infect GI tract (Gasterophilus) |
Common name=adults(bot flies), larvae(horse bots, stomach bots) Affects horses and donkeys Adult female flies “glue” eggs on hairs on horses legs, chin, and shoulders Egg laying is irritating so horse licks site and ingests them and are eventually passed through feces |
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Diptera Larvae that infect respiratory tract (Oestrus ovis) |
Common name= adults(nasal not fly) larvae(grub) Affects sheep and goats Female flies in nostril area |
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Lice general info |
Orders= Mallophaga(chewing/biting lice) Anoplura(sucking lice) One of the most prolific ectoparasites Wingless and dorsoventrally flat Infestation referred to as pediculosis Each lice species is host species specific, there is no crossover |
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Lice-mallophagan |
Common name=chewing/biting lice Parasitize birds, dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses Head is wider than rest of body, they are yellow in color and are smaller than Anaplura lice Clinical signs=pruritis, restlessness, scratching, alopecia |
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Lice: Anopluran |
Common name=sucking lice Parasitize many domestic species but not parasitize birds or cats |
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Hemiptera (true bugs) |
Reduviid bugs Cimex lectularius |
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Reduviid bugs |
Common name=kissing bug Affects dogs and humans Intermediate host for Trypanosoma cruzi Periodic parasite |
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Cimex lectularius |
Common name=bed bug Affects humans, rabbits, poultry, and pigeons Periodic parasite Nocturnal feeders ***not a vector*** |
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Psoroptidae general info |
Reside on skin surface of ear canal Can live 2-3 weeks off host |
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Psorptes cuniculi |
Common name=rabbit ear mite Infest ear canal and puncture skin to obtain tissue fluid |
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Psoroptes ovis |
Scabies mite of sheep Wool loss Skin becomes thick and cracked |
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Psoroptes bovis |
Scabies mite of cattle Papules, crusts, thick skin Lesions |
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Psoroptes equi |
Scabies mite of horses Rare |
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Psoroptes |
Reportable parasite |
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Chorioptes (Equi, bovis, caprae, ovis) |
Common name=foot and tail mite, itchy leg mite Species specific |
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Otodectes cynotis |
Common name=ear mites Affects canines, felines, ferrets Highly transmissible Infest ear canal |
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Trombidiformes general info |
Large diverse order of mites 125 families, 22,000 species Lack pedicles |
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Demodex |
Common name=mange mite or demodex Disease is called demodicosis Host specific Alligator or cigar shape |
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Hymenoptera (stinging insects) |
Fire ants Bees, wasps, hornets Africanized honeybees, killer bees |
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Trombicula alfreddugesi |
Common name=North American chigger Larval stage parasitizes Trmbiculosis seen in late summer/early fall |
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Pneumonyssus canium |
Common name=nasal mite Affects canines Rare Nonpathogenic Can cause rhinitis |
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Ornithonyssus sylviarum |
Common name=northern mite of poultry |
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Dermanyssus gallinae |
Common name=red mite of poultry |
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Cheyletiella parasitivorax |
Common name=walking dandruff Affects dogs, cats, rabbits Surface dwelling mites Hook like mouthparts Shield shape |
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Lynxacarus radovskyi |
Common name=feline fur mite Affects cats in warm regions Attach to hair shafts |
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Coleoptera (beetles) |
Intermediate hosts for s. lupi, gongylonema, and m. hirudinaceus |
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Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) |
No adults affect domestic animals Larval stage are caterpillars, can sting |
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Sarcoptiformes general info |
Sarcoptiform mites Produce dermatitis Tiny, barely visible to naked eye Round or oval body Legs have pedicels Burrow within skin of host Entire life cycle on host Female dies after laying eggs |
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Sarcoptidae |
Sarcoptes scabei Notoedres cati |
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Sarcoptes scabei |
Disease is called scabies or sarcoptic acariasis Host specific Can infest humans (canis) Legs have a sucker Commonly affects dogs and pigs |
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Sarcoptes scabei canis |
Common name=scabies mite of dog Extremely contagious Spread by direct contact |
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Sarcoptes scabei suis |
Common name=scabies mite of pigs Spread by direct contact and is contagious |
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Notoedres cati |
Common name=notoedric mange mite of cats, feline scabies mite Affects cats and occasionally rabbits Zoonotic |
