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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Course of vertebral arteries
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Commence from subclavian artery
Run horizontally on transverse processes of C7 before taking a 90 degree turn superiorly to enter C6 foramina transversaria Run collateral to vertebral column, pass through foramina transversaria of C6-C2 Loop posteriorly as C1, C2 foramina transversaria don't line up, provides 'slack' for head rotation Exit C1 foramina transversaria, groove arch of atlas vertebra posteriorly Pierce dura and arachnoid to pass through foramen magnum and lie in subarachnoid space Anastomose in median line to produce anterior spinal artery Give off posterior inferior cerebellar arteries laterally prior to basilar artery Anastomose ventral to brain stem to form basilar artery ascending clivus, terminate here |
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Course of internal carotid artery
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Commences at common carotid's bifurcation in neck at superior border of thyroid cartilage, C3,4 level
Ascends collaterally to enter carotid canal of petrous temporal bone Turns anteromedially 90 degrees to emerge at apex of bone and superior to foramen lacerum Makes further 90 degree turn upon ascension to enter cavernous sinus (accompanied by CN VI laterally) Travels anteriorly in sphenoid's carotid groove in sinus Turns superiorly proximal to anterior clinoid process to pierce sinus dura and arachnoid and enter subarachnoid space Gives off opthalmic artery when close to ipsilateral optic nerve, opthalmic terminates as supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (bit like frontal nerve) Pierces roof of cavernous sinus, dura mater, and then arachnoid mater to lie in subarachnoid space Takes a further 90 degree turn posteriorly to join circle of Willis Terminates as anterior and middle cerebral arteries |
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Course of external carotid artery
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Commences at bifurcation of common carotid at superior border of thyroid cartilage at C3, 4 level
Gives off superior laryngeal branch then superior thyroid branch soon after bifurcation Gives off ascending pharygneal branch Gives off lingual artery inferior to mandible Gives off facial artery superior to rim of mandible Gives off occipital Gives off posterior auricular Gives off terminal branches in parotid gland, superficial temporal and maxillary |
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Course of middle meningeal artery
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Commences as branch of maxillary artery
Passes between rootlets of auriculotemporal nerve Enters skull via foramen spinosum Travels in MCF and gives off anterior and posterior terminal branches Posterior branch runs over squamous temporal bone and terminates on posterior parietal Anterior grooves parietal bone anteriorly and courses over pterion (site of fracture and extradural haematoma) 3cm superior to midpoint of zygomatic arch Supply skull and dura mater |
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Constituents of the circle of Willis
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Anterior to posterior:
Anterior cerebral arteries Anterior communicating joins the above Middle cerebral arteries as continuation of ICAs Posterior communicating arteries Posterior cerebral arteries Superior cerebellar Basilar at heart of posterior aspect Pontine arteries Labyrinthine arteries (supplies ear via IAM) Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries Contributing vertebral arteries joined in median line by anterior spinal artery Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries |
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Supply of the scalp
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Run deep to skin and superficial to aponeurosis, in connective tissue (sCalp)
Anterior to posterior (first two are branches of opthalmic, last three are branches of ECA): Supratrochlear and supraorbital (terminal branches of opthalmic artery) Superficial temporal Posterior auricular Occipital |
