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127 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Symmetrical Design
balance achieved when like shapes are repeated in the same positions on either side of a central vertical axis
Asymmetrical Design
balance is achieved with dissimilar objects that have equal weight or equal eye attraction.
Formal
symmetrical, conscious almost mathematical structure, imparts a feeling of permanence, strength, and stability.
Informal
asymmetrical, balance achieved is more casual, natural, not contrived or static in feeling. The sense of balance is maintained by visual elements of equal visual attraction
Balance
a feeling of equality in weight, attention or attraction of the various visual elements within the pictorial field as a means of accomplishing organic unity.
Unity
the whole or total effect of a work of art which results from the combination of all of its component parts
Harmony
the unity of all of the visual elements of a composition achieved by the balance of characteristics similar to those in nature.
Value
simply the term for light and dark, different values achieved by various forms of shading.
Thumbnails
a small sketch which lays out the groundwork for a more comprehensive or refined sketch for a drawing, design or painting.
Roughs
revised layouts 1/4 to 1/2 size of comp or finished art, attention to detail, proportions, shading and color should be considered.
Comps/Finished Art
the finished or most refined version of a drawing or design, mounted and presented for approval, critique or grading.
Conceptualize
to visualize and come up with ideas for a design
Composition
the act of organizing all of the elements of a work of art into a harmoniously unified whole. Each element used may have intrinsic characteristics which create interest, but it must function in such a way that "the whole is more important than the parts."
Gesture
a drawing which creates movement or is used to emphasize or express motion or emotion.
Contour
a drawing using only line to define the edges of the form, to describe the outline, sometimes quickly, with details defined by line
Overlap
to lap over, lie upon and extend beyond some thing or line or border.
Scale
the ratio between the dimensions of a representation or drawing and those of the real object.
Proportion
the comparison of elements one to another in terms of their properties of size, quantity, or degree of emphasis. Proportion may be expressed in terms of a definite ration such as "twice as big" or may also be more loosely indicated in such expressions as "darker than", "more neutralized than". Or "more important than."
Negative space
space that is void or lacking in line, texture or tone; the blank white space in a design, void of anything. Synonym: ground, background.
Positive space
the dark or black object or visual element in a design, Synonym: figure, foreground.
Mass
a three-dimensional form or body which stands out from the space surrounding it because of difference in color, value or texture.
Object
a thing that can be seen or touched, a material thing.
Pattern
the obvious emphasis on certain visual form relationships and certain directional movements within the visual field. It also refers to the repetition of elements or the combination of elements in a readily recognized systematic organization.
Rhythm
a continuance, a flow, or a feeling of movement achieved by repetition of regulated visual units.
Confusion
when the relationship between positive and negative shapes and background is close to equal, the eye has difficulty distinguishing which is in front or behind.
Gestalt Principles:
Proximity, Repetition, Continuation and Continuity. As long as you have one of these you have unity.
Proximity
by putting the elements of a design close together, they look as if they belong together, as a total related pattern or unit. It is common unifying factor and the simplest way to achieve unity.
Repetition
a valuable device for achieving visual unity with design elements. Visual elements simply repeat in various parts of the design to relate the parts to each other. The elements that repeat may be shape, color, texture, direction, angle, objects, etc.
Continuation
the planned arrangement of various forms so that their edges have lined up, hence forms feel connected from element to element within a design; usually a line, edge or direction from one form to another. It can also be a line of separation or negative space between shapes or elements.
Continuity
to create several designs or components that somehow seem to relate to each other, as to seem to be part of a series with a unifying theme.
Hue
the first property of color and simply refers to the name of a color.
Color Wheel
the most common organization of the basic colors.
Primary Colors
there are three basic colors (red, yellow and blue), from these all other colors are mixed.
Secondary Colors
there are three secondary colors (orange, violet, and green) and are mixtures of two primary colors.
Tertiary Colors
there are six tertiary colors and are mixtures of a primary and an adjacent secondary color.
Tint
adding white to lighten a color
Shade
adding black to darken a color
Tone
adding gray to change a color
Value
the second property of color and simply the artistic term for lightness and darkness of the hue.
Value Contrast
refers to the relationship between areas of light and dark.
Intensity
the third property of color and refers to the brightness of a color.
Analogous color scheme
three or more colors next to each other on the color wheel with a key color in common.
Complementary color scheme
two colors which are directly opposite on another on the color wheel, including their tints and shades. This combination will produce a lively, exciting pattern, especially with the colors at full intensity.
Monochromatic color scheme
involves the use of only one hue. the hue can vary in value, and pure black and white may be added to achieve a range of values.
Triadic color scheme
involves three hues equally spaced on the color wheel.
What are some other words for design?
Plan, create, arrange, compose
How many rules are their in Art?
0
Name 3 simple activities that stimulate the creative process?
Thinking, Looking, Doing
Thinking, Looking and doing are 3 simple activities that stimulate the creative process, what order do they have to be done in?
Any Order
The presentation of an integrated image is perhaps as close to a rule as art can approach. What is it called?
Unity
The most widely known of many studies in visual perception is called the ???? Theory of visual psychology
GESTALT
Using the Gestalt theory of visual psychology, what are the four ways to achieve unity in design?
Repetition, Proximity, Continuation, Continuity
What is a Focal Point?
a point of emphasis
Name three ways to achieve Emphasis
Color, size, shape, position, etc.
Is a definite focal point necessary in creating a successful design?
No
From infancy what is the target of our strongest attention?
The Human Face
What is another word for "size"?
Scale
What term is used to refer to relative size? (size measured against other elements or against some mental norm or standard)
Proportion
Are scale and proportion tied to emphasis and focal point?
Yes
What is meant by the phrase, "Contrast of Scale"?
Exaggerate Size
Distribution of visual weight within a composition is called what?
Balance
In assessing pictorial balance what do we assume?
A Central Vertical Axis
On the "see-saw" of visual balance the two sides should achieve a sense of what?
Equilibrium
What is the Simplest type of balance?
Symmetrical
Why is Symmetrical type of balance called "bilateral"?
Same on both sides - Mirror image
What is another term for Symmetrical or Bilateral Balance
Formal
In a case where balance is achieved with dissimilar objects that have equal visual weight or equal eye attraction we call it what kind of balance?
Asymmetrical
What is another term for Asymmetrical Balance?
Informal
In a case where balance is achieved when the design elements radiate or circle out from a common central point we call it what kind of balance?
Radial
What is another term for a crystallographic balance?
All-Over Pattern
What design Principle is based on repetition?
Rhythm
Rhythm in visual art is basically related to what activity?
Movement
What are we trying to "Move" with Rhythm in visual art?
the Viewer's Eye
Of all the elements in art Which is Most Familiar to us?
Line
Line is important to the artist because it can describe what?
Shape
When line merely describes the outline of a shape what is another word for "Outline"?
Contour
Lines that suggest the typography of an object or lines that go around an object are called what type of lines?
Cross Contour
The following are types of what: Actual, Implied, Psychic?
Lines
What type of line implies movement and action?
Diagonal
Why do horizontal and vertical lines within a design reduce any feeling of movement?
It repeats the edge and becomes stabilizing elements
What are the two general types of drawings?
Contour and Gesture
How is a Gesture drawing different than a Contour drawing?
It gives action and dynamics of pose.
How is Contour drawing different than Gesture drawing?
It describes the outline of the shape.
What is meant by the term "line quality"?
Variations in line that can define 3-D form, create emphasis and transform a flat piece of paper into a spacial experience.
How is line employed to produce a wide range of values when only black and white are available?
Hatch, Cross Hatch and Pointillism (Stippling)
A visually perceived area created either by an enclosing line or by color or value changes defining the outer edge is called what?
A Shape
What is another word for the A Shape?
Form
The location of shapes (Placement) in space organizes the space into what two areas?
Positive and Negative
What are two other terms for Positive and Negative
Figure and Ground
What is meant by the term "Confusion" in a design?
Positive and negative shapes are integrated to such an extent that there is no distinction or tell difference between foreground and background.
What does the word "pattern" refer to in general?
Repetition of a design motif
What is the essential distinction between texture and pattern?
Whether the surface arouses the sense of touch or merely provides design appealing to the eye
what are the two categories of artistic texture?
Tactile and Visual
Texture that can actually be felt is called what?
Tactile
What is a collage?
Bits and pieces of cloth, paper, etc.
Texture that encourages the viewer to see texture where none actually exists is called what kind of texture
Visual texture
Th what does the French term trompe l'oeil mean?
To fool the eye
Can texture with out subject matter or any pictorial reference be considered a design element
Yes
Value is the simple artistic term for what?
Light and dark
The relationship between areas of light and dark is called what?
Contrast
What does the term value patter refer to?
The arrangement and variations in light and dark.
How would you describe a high-key design?
Lots of White
By planning high contrast in one area and subdued contrast elsewhere, the artist can assure where the viewer's eye will be directed first. What is the term for this area?
Value Emphasis
What is one of the most important uses of gradations of light and dark?
To suggest volume or space (3-D)
What is the common term for the use of value in a work of art?
Shading
Images of space rendered on paper, canvas, or boards are call "illusions" for what reason?
Because they are flat (essentially)
What is the easiest way to create an illusion of space or distance?
Size
When one shape hides part of another because it is on top of or in front of the other, a sense of depth is established by what design devise?
Overlap
In the spatial device called Vertical location what is assumed about objects placed higher in the composition?
The further back it is assumed to be
The term aerial or atmospheric perspective describes the use of what device to show depth?
Value Contrast
Greater Contrast does what?
Advances
Diminished Contrast does what?
Retreats
What two design devices can be used to create spatial recession?
Size and Value Contrast
Linear perspective is a complex spatial system based on what relatively simple visual phenomenon?
Parallel lines converging and meeting at an imaginary point on the horizon or eye level
Parallel lines on parallel planes all converge where on the horizon?
Vanishing Point
What prevents the "formula" of linear perspective from becoming monotonous?
the artist unlimited choice of placement of horizon and vanishing points.
how are objects viewed in two-point perspective different from those viewed in one-point perspective?
no objects are parallel to the picture plane
What is meant by amplified perspective?
The objects is pointed right at the viewer
What is the difference between linear perspective and isometric projection?
In Isometric projection parallel lines remain parallel.
How does open form differ from closed form?
Leads outside the border
How does Closed form differ from open form?
keeps attention within the picture frame
What is the definition of transparency in design?
When two forms overlap and both are seen completely
*likely on test* What is meant by the term equivocal space?
Purposeful Ambiguity
How does the design of a sport car present the illusion of motion or speed?
Long sweeping lines
What is one of the oldest devices used to present the illusion of motion?
the repeated figure
A style of art and design in which static images give optical illusions of movement is known as what?
Op Art
How is the suggestion of movement created by multiple images?
Slight change in each successive position suggest movement taking place