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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
represented texture:
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when the artist depicts the object as having a certain texture but it doesnt
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lintel:
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a beam used to span an opening
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relief:
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in scupture: figures projecting from the back ground
-degree of releif is designated high, low (bas) or sunkin |
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Paleolithic:
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old stone age during which human kind produced the first paintings and sculptures
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Neolithic
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new stone age
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composite perspective:
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part of a figure in shown in profile and the other part is shown frontally
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megalith:
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"great stone"
-large rough stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric srtuctures |
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pictograph:
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-a picture that represents an idea
-writing using such means -also painting on a rock |
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cuneiform:
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-"wdege shaped"
-system of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia in which wedge shaped characters were produced by pressig a stylus into a soft clay tablet |
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ziggurat:
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monumental platform for a temle (usually made out of mud) in ancient Mesopotamia
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cella:
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the chamber at the center of an ancient temple
-in a classical temple it is the room in which the cult statue usually stood |
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votive:
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a gift or offering of gratitude to a diety
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stele:
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carved stone slab used to mark graves or to commemmorate historical events
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lamassu:
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Assysian guardian in the form of a man-headed wing bull
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apadana:
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the great audience hall in ancient Persian palaces
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mummification:
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technique used by ancient Egyptians to preserve human bodies so that they may serve as the home of the immortal ka
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canopic jar:
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in ancient Egypt: the jars where the organs of the deceased were placed for later burial with the mummy
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hierogliphics:
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a system of writing using symbols or pictures
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sphinx:
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a mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human
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mastaba:
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-arabic, "bench"
-ancient egyptian rectangular brick structure with sloping sides errected over subn terranean tomb chamber connected with the outside by a shaft |
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clerestory:
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the fenesrtated part of a building that risese above the roofs of other parts
-in Roman buildings, the window that forms the naves uppermost level before the ceiling |
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hypostyle hall:
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a hall with a roof supported by columns
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ka:
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in ancient egypt the immortal life form
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mat:
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judge of good and right
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fresco secco:
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dry
-painted on lime plaster |
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-fresco:
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wet
-pigments are mixed with water and bvecome chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster |
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atlantid:
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a male figure that functionas as a supporting column
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caryatid:
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a female fifure that functionas as a supporting column
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papyrus:
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a plant native to Egypt and used to make paperlike writing materials
-the material and any writing on it |
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ben-ben:
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-a pyrimidal stone
-fetish of the god Re |
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serdab:
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a small concealed chamber in an Egyptian mastabas for a statue of the deceased
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capital:
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the upper most chamber of a column serving as a transistion from the shaft to the lintel
in classical archutecture the form of the capital varies with order |
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chamfer:
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the surface formed by cutting off a corner of a board or post; a bevel
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fluting:
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vertical channeling, roughly semi circular in cross section and used principally on columns and plasters
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nemes:
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in ancient Egypt
-the linen headress worn by the phoroah with the cobra in front |
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subtractive sculpture:
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technique in which materials are taken away from the original mass;ie carving
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relieving triangle:
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in Mycenean architecture
-the tryangular opening above the lintel that serves to lighten the weight to be carried by the lintel itself |
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tholos:
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temple with a circular plan
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corbeled arch:
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projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the superstructure
*also, cocourses of stone or brick in which each course projects beyond the one beneath it meeting at the topmost course |
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repousse:
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formed in reliefby beating a metal plate from the back leaving the imression on the face
-the metal is hammered into a hollow mold of wood or some other pliable material and finished with a graver - |
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megaron:
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the large reception hall in a Mycenaen palace
-fronted by an open two column porch |
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cyclopean masonry:
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method of stone construction named after Cyclops
-uses massive irregualr blocks without mortar Myceanaen sites |
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chryselephantine:
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fashioned of gold and ivory
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fertility figures:
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-neolithic figures of women with large breasts and bellys
-carved from limestone -vagina is carved |
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sarsen:
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-form of sandstone that makes up Stonehinge on the Salisbury Plain in S. England
-outermost ring |
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bluestons:
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smaller various volanic rocks on the Salisbury Plain
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trithilons:
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three stone structure found on Salisbury
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jericho skulls:
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preservation of human skulls, with facial features reconstructed from plaster and eyes set with shells
-7000-7500? |
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conceptual:
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representation
-artist indicating things t (flat unnatural eye) to communicate form |
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optical:
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recording immediate aspects of figures
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Mesopotamia:
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"land between (th Tigris and Euphrates) Rivers
-here humans first learned how to use the wheel, plow food, control floods and construct irrigation canals -gave birth to Judiasm, Christianity and Islam |
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Sumerian:
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-people who transformed mesopotamia (sumer)
-first city- states (everything revolved around that community) -city planning and religion -uraks white temple |
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Akkadian:
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-took over sumer
-spoke different language (hebrew and arabic) -loyalty to king rather than city state |
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Neo Sumerian:
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-Gutians killed Akkads, Sumerians killed Gutians
-established Neo Sumerian ruled by King Ur (Third Dynasty of Ur) |
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Babylonians:
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-King Hammurabi, Babylons most powerful King, re-established centralized govt which perscribed penalties
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Assyrians:
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-had fortress palaces
-statues, mural paintings and narrative reliefs unfinished royal city of Sargon |
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Neo Babylonians:
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-over former Assyrian Empire
-Ishtar Gate (mud vrick city with blue glazed bricks |
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Persain:
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most important knowledge comes from citedal of Perseplois
-Gate of all lands referred to harmoy between persians |
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Sasanian:
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-new persian empire
-central feature of Shapurs palace was the iwan, brick audience hall -scuplters used repousse |
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Leonard Wooley:
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-discovered the Royal Cemetary of Ur in 1920
-gold objects, jewlery, artwork, musical instruments, |
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Epic of Gilgamesh:
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Sumerian litterature
-antedates Illiad and Odessey by 1,500 years -Gilgamesh was a king of Urak and slayer of monster Huwana |
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Uraks white temple:
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-home of gilgamesh
-Sumerian |
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bent axis:
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-standard arrangment for Sumerian temples
-stairway leads to top but does not end in front of any doorways necessitating two or three angular changes in direction |
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Anu:
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chief diety of the Sumerians
--god of the sky and city of Urak -white temple of Urak probably dedicated to his worship |
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Inanna:
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-sumerian goddess of love and war (later known as Ishtar)
--most important female diety in all of Mesopatamian history -Sumerians constructed a temple devoted to her worship in Urak |
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lyre:
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stringed instrument of the harp class having an U-shaped frame
-bull headed lyre was restored from cemetary at ur |
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Predynastic:
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prehistoric egyptian civiliztion
-egypt was divided into upper and lower |
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rosaetta stone:
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-discovered by napolean bonopart
--gave scholars key to decoding heiroglyphics -one in greek, one in demotic (late egyptian), one in heiroglyphic |
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Jean Francis Chamollion:
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-decuced that the heiroglyphics on rosetta stone weren't just pictographs but a language
-kinda started egyptology |
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Khufu:
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-in gizeh
-oldest and largest of the trhee pyrimids -limestone |
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pyrimids:
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-fourth dynasty pyrimids
-symbols of the sun -where Egyptian kingsreborn into the afterlife |
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khafre:
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-an entire funerary complex has been reconstructed
-phoroah was buried here -great sphinx to the side |
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Menakaure:
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smallest
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citadel:
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a fortress that commands a city
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diorite:
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a granular crystalline igneous rock
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Manetho:
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Egyptian historian and priest
coined the term "dynasty" probably a priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis |
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Hathor
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ancient egyptian goddess, worshipped as a cow-deity
milky way seen as the daughter of Ra |
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osiris:
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egyptian god of order and was looked t as the knig that vrough civilization to Egypt
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imhotep:
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one of the first renowned figures in Egypt history
-pharoahs chancellor and high preist of the sun god -after he died egyptians revered him as a god -first known recored artist |
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hatshepsut:
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egyptian female pharoah
-first great female monarh whose name was recorded |
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rock cut tombs:
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-temple of ramses (hatshetsups mortuary temple)
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amen:
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supreme god
god of sun? -amenhotop denounced him |
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ramses II
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-egypts last great warrior pharoah
-rock cut tomb outside of Hatshesups mortuary - |
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tutankhamen:
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-probaby akhetons (bad Guy) son
-perserved body found lapiz lazul (semi precious stones in tuts innermost coffin) shown as a conquerer |
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hatshepsut:
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egyptian female pharoah
-first great female monarh whose name was recorded |
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rock cut tombs:
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-temple of ramses (hatshetsups mortuary temple)
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amen:
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supreme god
god of sun? -amenhotop denounced him |
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ramses II
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-egypts last great warrior pharoah
-rock cut tomb outside of Hatshesups mortuary - |
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tutankhamen:
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-probaby akhetons (bad Guy) son
-perserved body found lapiz lazul (semi precious stones in tuts innermost coffin) shown as a conquerer |
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osiris:
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-egyptian god of dead
-king of underworld -giver of eternal life |
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akheton:
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-pharoah that abandoned worship of most egyptian gods in favor of Aton
-sun disk emitting life giving rays -looked like a chick |
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nefertiti:
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-akhetons's queen ('the beautiful one is here)
- |
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book of the dead:
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-collection of spells and prayers
-essential equipment of tombs and well to do persons |
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minoan art:
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marked by the construction of large palaces on crete
--new palace is golden age on crete - |
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helladic art:
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agean art of the greek mainland
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minotoar:
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man headed bull
-king minos of knosso on fed a group of cretans to it |
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mycenean:
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--took place the time the old palaces were being built on Crete
-made of gold -citedals giants built, king hall, lion gate |
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cycladic:
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lots of marble sculptures
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HOward Carter:
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excavation of King Tut
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Aurther Evans:
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-named the Minoans after there mythological king
-worked at Knossos and uncovered a palace with a maze (labyrinth) |
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Heinrich Schlieman:
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archeologist that uncovered some of the cities Homer named
-found a fortess palace, tombs, jewelry and cups and weapons in mycenae |
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Horus:
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osirus and isiss son
-avenged his fathers death and and displaced seth as egypts king |
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linear a/b
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written agean scripts
-b can now be read |
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cylinder seals:
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sumerian impression or stamp
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