Art History Survey Final Exam Study

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Catacombs

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Underground chamberused as a burial place is a catacomb

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Atrium

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a large open spacewithin a building, often featuring a glass roof

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Narthex

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anarchitectural element typical of earlyChristian and Byzantine basilicas consisting of the entranceor lobby area usually located at the west endof the nave, opposite thechurch's main altar

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Transept

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transverse section,of any building, which lies across the main body of the building

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Ambulatory

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theprocessional way around the east end of a cathedraland behind the high altar

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Icon

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generally a flatpanel painting depicting JesusChrist, Mary, saints and/or angels

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Iconoclasm

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destruction of religious icons and other images or monuments forreligious or political motives

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Kufic script

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oldest calligraphic form of the various Arabic scripts and consists of a modified form of theold Nabataean script

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Mohammad

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Believed by Muslims to be a messenger of God, Muhammadas the last prophet sent by god

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Quran

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the Islamic sacredbook, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangelGabriel and written down in Arabic

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Mecca

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Birthplace of Muhammad, spiritual center ofIslam

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Mosque

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Muslim temple or place of public worship

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Caliph

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a spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad

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Qibla

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the point toward which Muslims turn to pray, especially the Ka’ba, or House of God, at Mecca

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Minbar

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a short flight ofsteps used as a platform by a preacher in a mosque

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Mihrab

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a niche inthe wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which thecongregation faces to pray

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Minaret

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a tallslender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzincalls Muslims to prayer

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Hypostyle mosque

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In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a roof which is supported by columnsarea

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Iwan

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a large hall oraudience chamber often open on one side and found in Parthian architecture

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Muqarnas

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the Arabic word forstalactite vault

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Aniconism

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the practice of avoidingimages of divine beings, prophets or other respected religious figures, or indifferent manifestations, any human beings or living creatures

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Cloisonné

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decorative work inwhich enamel, glass, or gemstones are separated by strips of flattened wireplaced edgeways on a metal backing

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Animal style

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characterized by its emphasis on animal motifs

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Vellum

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fine parchment madeoriginally from the skin of a calf

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Manuscript

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a book, document, orpiece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed

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Illumination

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the art ofilluminating a manuscript

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Scriptoria

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a room set apart forwriting, especially one in a monastery where manuscripts were copied

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Westwork

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themonumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, orRomanesque church

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Reliquary

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a container for holyrelics

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Pilgrimage churches

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a church to which pilgrimages are regularly made, or a church alonga pilgrimage route, like the Wayof St. James, that is visited by pilgrims

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Tympanum

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is the semi-circularor triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance

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Trumeau

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in architecture, isthe central pillar or mullion supporting the tympanum of a large doorway, commonly found inmedieval buildings

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Cistercians

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a member of aChristian order of monks and nuns founded in 1098, which follows an especiallystrict form of the Benedictine ruler

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Benedictines

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a monk or nunof an order following the rule of St. Benedict

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Barrel vaults

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a vaultforming a half cylinder

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Nave

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the central part of achurch building intended to accommodate most of the congregation

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Narthex

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an antechamber, porch, or distinct area at thewestern entrance of some early Christian churches, separated off by a railingand used by catechumens, penitents

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Aisles

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a passage betweenrows of seats in a building such as a church or theater, an airplane, or a train

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Transept

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either of the twoparts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from thenave

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Crossing

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in ecclesiastical architecture, is the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church

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Choir

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between the altar andthe nave, used by the choir and clergy

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Ambulatory

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a place for walking,especially an aisle around the apse or a cloister in a church or monastery

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Buttresses

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a projecting supportof stone or brick built against a wall

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Flying buttresses

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a buttress slantingfrom a separate pier, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports

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Jamb statues

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figure carved on the jambs of a doorway or window

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Rose window

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a circularwindow with mullions or tracery radiating in a form suggestive of a rose

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Trefoil/quatrefoiltyle

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trefoil describes alayout or floorplan consisting of three apses in clover-leaf shape

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Illuminated manuscripts

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a manuscript in which the text is supplemented withsuch decoration as initials,borders (marginalia) and miniatureillustrations

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Grisaille

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a term for painting executed entirely in monochrome or near-monochrome, usually in shadesof grey

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Book of hours

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is a Christian devotional book popular in the Middle Ages. It is the mostcommon type of surviving medieval illuminatedmanuscript

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Abbot Suger

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a French abbot, statesman, historian and one ofthe earliest patrons of Gothicarchitecture

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Fresco

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a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet lime

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Altarpiece

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a piece ofart such as a painting, sculpture or relief representing areligious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a Christian Church

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Punchwork

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a small repetitive allover pattern made with asteel punch