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58 Cards in this Set
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Impression: Sunrise Monet Impressionism 1872 - view of the harbor from Monet's home, painting en plain air - being outside sharpened Monet's focus on the roles that light and color play in the way nature appears to the eye - systematic investigation of light and color and the elimination of the traditional distinction between a sketch and a formal painting enabled Monet to paint images that truly conveyed a sense of the momentary and transitory |
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en plain air |
Monet's goal of capturing an instantaneous representation of atmosphere and climate, which he found impossible in a studio |
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impressionism |
Sought to capture fleeting moments, impermeance of conditions, conditions of light and reflection |
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critics response to Impression: Sunrise |
"it's like an unfinished painting, like an impression" |
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The Child's Bath Mary Cassat Impressionism 1893 - one of the best known impressionists, even as a woman - brought a distinctively feminine viewpoint to their work, especially with regard to the subjects they chose and the way they portrayed women - Cassat's compositions owe much to Degas (The Tub, the visual solidity of Cassat's mother and child contrasts with the flattened patterning of the wallpaper and rug) and Japanese prints - her subjects differ from those of most Impressionists, in part because, as a woman she could not go to cafes with her male friends - tilted perspective from Japanese art |
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Mary Cassatt |
- daughter of a wealthy Philadelphia banker - lived at a time where formerly all-male American colleges were opening doors to women - trained at PN academy of fine arts - subjects were typically women and children who she presented with objectivity and sentiment |
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A Bar at the Folies-Bergere Edouard Manet Impressionism 1882 - the bar was a popular cafe and music hall where parisans would enjoyed their leisure - Impressionist subject that broke sharply with tradition - central figure is a young barmaid who looks out from the canvas but seems detached from the viewer and the gentleman talking to her - Manet called attention to the canvas by creating spatial inconsistencies (the relationship of the barmaid with her reflection in the mirror) - at the top left of the painting the lower legs of the trapeze artist |
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Edouard Manet |
- career bridged realism and impressionism - A Bar at Folies-Bergere was his last great work |
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A Sunday on La Grande Jatte Georges Seurat Neo-Impressionism (Pointillism) 1884-1886 - Seurat's color system involved dividing colors into their component parts and applying the colors to the canvas in tiny dots where the forms are comprehensible only from a distance |
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pointillism |
artist separated color into component parts then the eyes optically blend the pigment dots, uses secondary colors |
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optical mixture |
describes the visual effect of juxtaposed complementary colors |
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Night Cafe Van Gogh Post-Impressionism - explored ways that colors and distorted forms can express emotions - the thickness, shape, and direction of the brushstrokes create a tactile counterpart to the intense colors |
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Vincent Van Gogh |
- son of a Dutch protestant pastor - believed he had a religious calling and did missionary work in the coal-mining area of Belgium - repeated professional and personal failures brought him close to despair - he turned to painting to find a way to communicate his experiences |
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Mont Sainte-Victoire Paul Cezanne Post-Impressionism 1902-1904 - concerned with lines, planes, colors and nature - cubist - replaced the transitory visual effects of changing atmospheric conditions (the Impressionist's focus) |
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cubism |
when facets and shapes are overlapping create an image |
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Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? Paul Gaugin Symbolism (Synthesism) 1897 - painted in Tahiti - moved to Tahiti in search of a place far removed from European materialism - used native women and tropical colors to present a pessimistic view of the inevitability of the life cycle - was a symbolist - romanticized images of the nude |
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symbolist |
used symbols transformed from nature |
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synthetic cubism |
takes apart the object and leaves the facets |
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analytic cubism |
protects the object |
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Harmony in Red Henri Matisse Fauves - believed that colors conveyed meanings and that painters should choose compositions and colors express their feelings - wanted all the colors to become a pictorial balance - table and wall seem to merge because they have an identical pattern |
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Demoiselles D'Avignon Pablo Picasso Analytic Cubism 1907 - early cubism, angular shapes, flatness of the space, primitivism |
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primitivism |
western art: African masks and Syrian masks |
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The Portuguese Georges Braques Analytic Cubism 1911 - analyzing form from every possible vantage point - jumble of overlapping forms - fluid, undetermined space - still life portrait that collapses into facets |
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Street, Dresden Ernst-Ludwig Kirchner German Expressionism: The Bridge 1907 - perspective distortions, disquieting figures and color choices reflect the influence of the Fauves and of Edvard Munch who made similar expression - provides a glimpse into the frenzied urban activity of a bustling German city before World War I - focused on the detrimental effects of industrialization |
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German Expressionism: The Bridge |
One of two groups of painters in Germany who called themselves Die Brucke (The Bridge) - first group of expressionists - gathered in Dresden in 1905 under the leadership of Kirchner - thought that they were paving the way for a more perfect age by bridging the old age and the new |
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German Expressionism: The Blue Rider |
One of two groups of painters in Germany who called themselves Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) - second major German expressionist group - formed in Munich in 1911 - two founding members were Vassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc - name stemmed from mutual interest in horses and the color blue |
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Improvisation 28 Vassily Kandinsky German Expressionism: The Blue Rider 1912 - theories of Einstein and Rutherford convinced Kandinsky that material objects had no real substance - he was one of the first painters to reject representation in favor of abstraction in his canvases |
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Armored Train Gino Severnini Italian Futurism 1915 - glistening armored train with protruding cannon reflects the Futurist faith in the cleansing action of the war - captures the dynamism and motion central to the Futurist manifesto |
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Dada |
- emergence of a new artistic movement as a major consequence of the Great War - Dadaists believed that Enlightenment reasoning had been responsible for the insane spectacle of collective homicide and global devastation that was World War I - they concluded that the only route to salvation was through political anarchy, the irrational and the intuitive |
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Unique Forms of Continuity in Space Umberto Boccioni Italian Futurism 1913 - celebrated the speed and dynamism of the modern age - Boccioni's Futurist manifesto for sculpture advocated abolishing the enclosed statue - the running figure's body is so expanded that it almost disappears behind the blur of its movement |
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Expressionism |
the result of an artist's emotional attachment to the subject of the painting |
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"Painting art can be a religious experience" |
Mark Rothko |
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Supremist Composition: Airplane Flying Kazimar Malevich Surpremitism 1915 - malevich developed an abstract style that he called Suprematism to convey that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling - bright colored rectangular shapes float against white space |
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Suprematism |
- new artistic approach by Malevich - "under surpremitism I understand the supremacy of pure feeling in creative art" - the visual phenomena of the objective world are meaningless, the significant thing is feeling |
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Fountain Marcel Duchamp Dada 1917/1950 - readymade sculptures were mass-produced objects that the Dada artist modified - Duchamp conferred the stars of art on a urinal and forced people to see the object in a new light |
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Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow Piet Mondrian De Stijl 1930 - Mondrian's "pure plastic" paintings consist of primary colors locked into a grid of intersecting vertical and horizontal lines - by altering the grid patterns, he created a "dynamic equilibrium" |
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De Stijl |
- started by a group of young Dutch artists - formed in 1917 and began publishing a magazine called De Stijl (The Style) - founders: Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg - promoted utopian ideals - believed in the birth of a new age in the wake of World War I - felt that it was a time of balance between individual and universal values, when the machine would assure ease of living - "The new is connected with the universal" |
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The City Fernand Leger Purism 1919 - Leger championed the "machine aesthetic" - captured the mechanical commotion of urban life, incorporating the effects of billboard ads, flashing lights and noisy traffic |
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Purism |
- opposed synthetic cubism on the grounds that it was becoming merely an esoteric, decorative art out of touch with the machine age - maintained that machinery's clean functional lines and the pure forms of its parts should direct artists experiments in design |
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Homage to Bleriot Robert Delaunay Orphism 1914 - celebrates modern technological innovation - paid tribute to the first pilot to fly across the English Channel - swirling shapes and bold colors convey explosive energy |
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Orphism |
- Delaunay's version of cubism, after Orpheus, the mythical Greek musician - art, like music, was distinct from the representation of the visible world - Delaunay's own word for his art was "Simultaneisme" |
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Portrait of a German Officer Marsden Hartley American Modernism 1914 - elegy to a lover killed in battle - military-related images on a somber black background - flattened, planar presentation reveals the influence of synthetic cubism |
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The Steerage Alfred Stieglitz American Modernism 1907 - waged a life long campaign for photography as a fine art - "straight photographic" image taken on an ocean liner is a haunting mixture of human activity and found patterns of forms |
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Painting Joan Miro Surrealism 1933 - Miro promoted automatism - began his painting with random doodles and completed the composition with forms suggesting floating amoebic organisms |
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Automatism |
the creation of art without conscious control
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The Treachery of Images Rene Magritte Surrealism 1928-1929 - the discrepancy between Magritte's meticulously painted briar pipe and his caption, "this is not a pipe" challenges the viewer's reliance on the concious and rational in the reading of visual art |
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Migration Series Jacob Lawrence Harlem Renaissance 1940-1941 - series of 60 paintings documenting African American life in the North - Lawrence's depiction of a segregated dining room underscored that the migrants had not left discrimination behind |
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American Gothic Grant Wood American Regionalism 1930 - in reaction to modernist abstract painting, the Midwestern Regionalism movement focused on American subjects - painting of an Iowa farmer and his daughter became an American icon |
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Number 1 (Lavender Mist) Jackson Pollock Abstract Expressionism 1950 - Pollock's paintings are pure abstractions that emphasize the creative process - his mural-size canvases consist of rhythmic drips, splatters, and dribbles of paint that draw viewers into a lacy spider web |
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Woman I William de Kooning Abstract Expressionism 1950-1952 - rooted in figuration - included pictures of female models on advertising billboards - displays the energetic application of pigment typical of gestural abstraction |
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Vic Heroicus Sublimis(Sublime Heroic Man) Barrett Newman Color Field 1950-1951 - Newman's canvases consist of a single slightly modulated color field split by "zips" (narrow bands) running from one edge of the painting to the other, energizing the color field and giving it scale |
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Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing? Richard Hamilton Pop Art 1956 - the fantasy interior of the collage of figures and objects cut from glossy magazines reflects the values of modern consumer culture - toying with mass media imagery typifies British Pop Art |
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Hopeless Roy Lichtenstein Pop Art 1963 - Comic books appealed to Lichtenstein because they were a mainstay of popular culture, meant to be read and discarded - immortalized comics on large canvases |
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How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare Joseph Beuys Performance Art 1965 - one person event - Beuys coated his head with hone and gold leaf and spoke to a dead hare - assuming the role of a shaman, he used stylized actions to evoke a sense of mystery and sacred ritual |
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The Homeless Projection Krzysztof Wodiczko Social and Political Commentary 1986 - to publicize the plight of the homeless - projected on the walls of a monument on Boston Common images of them with their plastic bags containing their few possessions |
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Napoleon Leading the Army Over theAlps Kehinde Wiley Identity (National or Group) 2005 - Wiley's trademark paintings are reworking of famous portraits in which he substitutes young African American men in contemporary dress in order to situate them in the "field of power" |
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Allegiance and Wakefulness Shirin Neshat Identity (National or Group) 1994 - Neshat's photographs address the repression of women in post revolutionary Iran - She poses in traditional veiled gard but wields a rifle and displays militant Farsi poetry on her exposed body parts |
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Spiral Jetty Robert Smithson Site Specific Work 1970 - used industrial equipment to create Environmental artworks by manipulating earth and rock - a mammoth coil of black basalt, limestone, and earth extending into Great Salt Lake |
