Art History- Final

Front 1

Define: Age of Enlightenment/ Age of Reason

Back 1

An age of belief in reason that would free men from church and state, replaced by independent minds

Front 2

Galileo

Back 2

proved the earth revolves around sun

Front 3

Decartes

Back 3

"I think therefore I am"

Front 4

Bacon

Back 4

formulated methods of empirical science, (the scientific method or experimentation)

Front 5

Define: "Docterine of Progress"

Back 5

all that was new was good, general optimism that common sense could cure all ills

Front 6

Whats a Philosophes?

Back 6

more practical-minded philosopher

Front 7

John Locke's big idea:

Back 7

all true knowledge was derived from sense organs, which was then reflected on the human mind

Front 8

Newton's big idea:

Back 8

theory of gravity and motion. (also calculus :)) laws of nature are mechanical, not spiritual/ organic

Front 9

Voltaire's belief:

Back 9

reason and common sense can cure human ills

Front 10

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Back 10

a champion of romanticism rather than strict rationalism because he valued intuition over reason, and feelings over thought

Front 11

define: third estate

Back 11

wealthier, self made middle class

Front 12

Dates: French revolution, American revolution

Back 12

1789,1776

Front 13

the discoveries of what helped the grand manner

Back 13

pompei and herculaneum

Front 14

The Grand Manner

Back 14

restrained, formal, repressed style (against rococo) leading into Neoclassicism

Front 15

define verduta

Back 15

view

Front 16

define capriccio

Back 16

fanciful

Front 17

Adamasque style

Back 17

aka neo-pompeiian style. So called b/c of Robert Adam's home decoration in England

Front 18

Canova

Back 18

Italian, Rome, adopted calm idealized classicism, imitated art not nature

Front 19

Jean Antoine Houdon

Back 19

French, won Prix de Rome, sculpted life size G Washington

Front 20

SIr Joshua Reynolds

Back 20

English, "Grand Manner" PORTRAITS. President of British Royal Academy of Art

Front 21

Thomas Gainsborough

Back 21

English, began in landscapes, became one of most popular Portraitists

Front 22

Marie Louise Elisabeth Vigeelebrun

Back 22

French, modified rococo style portraits, court painter of Marie Antoinette (predecapitation :))

Front 23

Benjamin West

Back 23

American, expatriot, settled in London, painted history in the "grand manner" ( making facts subservient to larger truths in story)

Front 24

William Hogarth

Back 24

english, spirit of satire, lots of social commentary, message:the nobility knows nothing of morality, the middle class can only learn it through hard work

Front 25

Jacques-Louis David

Back 25

greatest rep of "new" style of neoclassicism

Front 26

characteristics of neoclassicism:

Back 26

noble subject, restraint of style

Front 27

Storm and Stress Movement

Back 27

German movement emphasizing extreme emotionalism (related to romanticism)

Front 28

Edmund Burke defined the sublime to mean:

Back 28

vast, difficult, magnificent, rugged and dark, it is on the side of greatness... man seeks the illusion of danger to increase his will to live

Front 29

Romantic idea: path to freedom through_______ rather than _________

Back 29

imagination, reason

Front 30

Romantic idea of nature:

Back 30

union of soul with nature almost more important than union of soul with God

Front 31

romantic idea, artist=

Back 31

loner

Front 32

differences between romanticism and neoclassicism

Back 32

1) feelings on the subject were more important than the exact structure of the subject
2) the idea of change was positive value
3)change depended on imperfection
4)In France, a painterly language developed as a response to romaniticism

Front 33

Caspar David Friedrich

Back 33

German, sublime subject matter, man subordinate to nature

Front 34

Joseph Mallord William Turner

Back 34

English, sublime landscape painter

Front 35

John Constable

Back 35

English, painterly, everyday landscapes, use of color influenced impressionist

Front 36

Thomas Cole

Back 36

American, FATHER of american romantic landscape

Front 37

What is the major difference between European and American Romantic landscape painting

Back 37

In american landscapes, NATURE WAS BENIGN

Front 38

William Blake

Back 38

English, writer and painter

Front 39

Francisco de goya y lucientes

Back 39

Spanish, famous etchings "The Disasters of War", some contemporary journalism emphasizing sublime events

Front 40

Gericault

Back 40

French, work can be called Romanticized realism

Front 41

Antoine Jean Gros

Back 41

French, the official painter of the heroic legacy of napoleon

Front 42

Which two artist were associated with the battle of Neoclassicism and Romanticism

Back 42

R- Eugene Delacroix
N- Ingres

Front 43

Delacroix

Back 43

french, romanticism, painted from literature, real events, and suggested social commentary

Front 44

Ingres

Back 44

Neoclassicism, truer and purer greek style, like greek vase painting, flat unshaded forms, precise drawing

Front 45

define odalisque

Back 45

female slave or concubine

Front 46

Delacroix and Ingres, commonalities and differences

Back 46

commonalities: similar subjects (Greece and middle eastern)
differences: D used more dramatic lighting more emotional hues, I more clean lines