Art History Final

Front 1

Siddhartha Gautama

Back 1

Birth name of the Buddha

Front 2

Samsara

Back 2

Cyclical Existence. Life is eternal. No ultimate death, only infinite existence.

Front 3

Karma

Back 3

"action". The action that determine the condition of one's future lives/existence.

Front 4

Dharma

Back 4

"duty". In Buddhism, refers to teachings of the Buddha.

Front 5

Punya

Back 5

"merit". Tally of good karma.

Front 6

Nirvana

Back 6

Final liberation from cyclical existence (samsara)

Front 7

Sangha

Back 7

Refers collectively to the community of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Front 8

Bodhisattva

Back 8

Individuals who refrain from gaining enlightenment b/c they want to help others attain enlightenment.

Front 9

Origin of Buddhism

Back 9

India

Front 10

3 Main Gods of Hinduism

Back 10

Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi (the Goddess)

Front 11

Shiva Nataraja

Back 11

"Lord of the Dance". Manifestation of Shiva where he destroys the world through dance.

Front 12

Darshan

Back 12

"exchanging glances" Making eye contact with religious icon.

Front 13

Gopura

Back 13

Large gateway of a Hindu temple.

Front 14

Mandapa

Back 14

Pillared entrance hall of a Hindu temple.

Front 15

Rajaraja

Back 15

King responsible for building the Rajarajesvara Temple.

Front 16

Linga

Back 16

Phallic representation of Shiva.

Front 17

Southern India

Back 17

Temples tend to be more horizontally based; thus they cover more ground.

Front 18

Northern India

Back 18

Temples tend to be more vertically based so they are higher in the sky like mountains. This is to mimic the gods up in the Himalayas - physically and spiritually above us.

Front 19

Islam

Back 19

Spiritual base is founded upon the Koran, written record of holy revelation as spoken through and by Muhammad.

Five daily Prayers.

Front 20

Qibla

Back 20

Direction of Muslim prayer towards the Ka'ba, indicated in a mosque by a niche called mihrab.

Front 21

Mihrab

Back 21

Niche or alcove in a mosque wall, indicating the Qibla

Front 22

The Mughals

Back 22

Islamic rulers of northern and central India

Front 23

Mumtaz Mahal

Back 23

Beloved wife of Sha Jahan

The Taj Mahal is her tomb.

Front 24

Major Iconographic Characteristics of Islamic Architecture

Back 24

1) Heavy use of floral/vegetal motifs - referring to Paradise Gardens

2)Geometric motifs - non-iconic forms of god.

3)Written word/word of god. No microphones, written word was the way to show god in large spaces.

Front 25

Mahayana Buddhism

Back 25

"The greater raft"; more esoteric in nature and are geared to the lay community.

Front 26

Bodhisattva

Back 26

Compassionate beings who reach enlightenment instead of attaining Nirvana; they remain behind to help others reach enlightenment as well.

Front 27

Vajra

Back 27

Thunderbolt

Front 28

Swayambhu Jyotirupa

Back 28

Self-manifest in the form of light; name given to primordial Buddha (Adi Buddha) who has no figural form.

Front 29

Jina Buddhas

Back 29

5 celestial Buddhas; color coded and oriented to the cardinal directions.

Front 30

The Three Perfections

Back 30

1. Poetry

2. Calligraphy

3. Landscape painting

Front 31

Characteristics of Chinese Landscape Painting

Back 31

Pictorial unification.

Monochromatic palette

Ink on silk becomes primary medium

Emphasis on brushwork

Copy the work of the masters

Disinterest in scientific perspective

3 Main components: Mountain, water, mist.

Front 32

Southern Song.

Two types of Artists:

Back 32

Academic (Professional) - Highly skilled artists who painted naturalistic depictions and were employed at court as artists.

Literati - Amateur artists who painted as a means of self-expression, much the same way they wrote poetry.

Front 33

Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism

Back 33

Originated in China via Indian prince Bodhidharma

One may gain enlightenment suddenly by performing daily chores

No need to rely on Buddhist texts.

Front 34

Shintoism

Back 34

"The way of the gods"

Front 35

Kami

Back 35

"spirits" that reside in natural places such as in animals, plants, stones, mountains, rivers, people, and even the dead.

Front 36

Amida Buddha

Back 36

Buddha of the Western Paradise; oft depicted on a lotus.

Front 37

Kannon

Back 37

Japanese term for the "bodhisattva of compassion" aka Avalokiteshvara

Front 38

Pureland Buddhism

Back 38

Sect of Buddhism where as long as one has faith in Amida Buddha then they will be reborn in Western paradise.

Front 39

E-maki

Back 39

Illustrated/Illuminated handscoll

ex. scroll of frolicking animals

Front 40

e-makimono

Back 40

Narrative illustrated handscroll

ex. Tale of genji

Front 41

onna-e

Back 41

"Feminine" painting, associated with the private world and inner emotions of the Heian courtier.

ex. Tale of genji

Front 42

Otoko-e

Back 42

"Masculine" painting; associated w/ public and exterior worlds.

ex. History tales and Buddhist text.

Front 43

Kuya

Back 43

Buddhist devotee who walked around Japan chanting the nembutsu

Front 44

Nembutsu

Back 44

Buddhist mantra where one constantly repeats the Amida's name

Front 45

Kongo Rikishiki

Back 45

Guardian figures (Agyo and Ungyo), like in the gate at Todai-ji.

Front 46

Koan

Back 46

Paradoxical statement or question used as a meditation discipline for novices

Front 47

Splashed ink style

Back 47

Developed by Sesshu; wet ink splashed on canvas to convey form.

Front 48

Angkor Wat

Back 48

Temple dedicated to Vishnu

Miniature replica of the universe; represents earthly model of the cosmic world.

Oriented to the west rather than the east.

Front 49

Suryavarman II

Back 49

King responsible for the construction of Angkor Wat.