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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allah
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Arabic word for god
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Hijira
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("Emigration") The flight of the prophet Muhammad in 622 from Mecce to Medina
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Slide:
Kaaba |
*Cubical shrine said to have been built for god
*symbolic center of the Islamic world *Aniconism *hollow and empty |
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Qur'an
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("Recitation") The Holy book of Islam
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Muhammad
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("Messenger of god") formally known as Al-amin
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Mecca
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Where Al-amin sought solitude in a cave
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Medina
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Where Muhammad and his companions settled after fleeing in 622
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Arabia
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(Land of Desert Oasis with no cities of great size) Where Islam rose in the seventh century
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Islam
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("surrender to god") Monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of the Qur'an
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5 Pillars of faith
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1. Shahadah- "there is only one god and Muhammad is his messenger"
2. Salat- pray 5x's aday 3. Zakah- charity 4. Sawn- fasting in the month of Ramadan 5.Hajj- pigramage to Mecca |
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Slide:
The Dome of the Rock |
* First great monument of Islamic Art
* Site where Muhammad is believed to have ascended to the presence of God * Site of Solomon's Temple * Site of Creation of Adam * Site where Abraham prepared to sacrafice Issac to God *octogonal drum *dome *mosaics *columns *arcades *alternating piers and columns *ailes (ambulatories) *circumambulation ritual |
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Mosaics
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Images formed by small colored stone or glass pieces affixed to a hard, stable surface
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Drum
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The wall that supports a dome
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Arcades
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series of arches, caried by columns or piers and supporting a common wall or lintel
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Aisles (Ambulatories)
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passage or open corridor of a church, hall, or other building that parallels the main space
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Frieze
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The middle element of an entablature, between the architrave and the cornice (usually decorated with sculpture, painting, of moldings)
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Citadel
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fortress that protects a city
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Stucco
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a fine plaster for walls of their relief ornaments
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Iwan
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vaulted hall or space, walled on 3 sides, with one end entirely open
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Imam
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title of Muhammad and his 4 immediate successors
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Aniconism
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avoidance of figural imagery (complex geometric designs and scrolling vines known as arabesques instead)
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Jerusalem
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where "The Dome of the Rock" is built (3rd most holy site in Islam)
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Mosque
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(Masjid, "place of prostation") An edifice used for communal Muslim worship
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Hypostyle
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multicolumned
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Mihrab
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a recess or niche that distinguishes the wall oriented toward Mecca in a mosque
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Qibla Wall
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wall of the prayer hall that is closest to Mecca
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Minaret
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(from which the faithful are called to prayer) a tall slender tower on the exterior of a mosque from which believers are called to prayer
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Crier
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officer of the court who calls the believers to prayer (Minaret)
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Maqsura
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enclosure in a Muslim mosque, near the mihrab, designated for dignitaries
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Courtyard
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an enclosed yard ajointing a building or surrounded by buildings
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Prayer Hall
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small muslim mosque
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Ritual Ablutions (ritual cleansing)
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washing oneself
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Minbar
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a high platform or pulpit in a mosque
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Four-Iwan Mosque
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huge barrelvaulted halls with wide open arched entrances faced each other across a central courtyard
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Horseshoe arches
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emblematic arch of Islam architecture
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Voussoirs
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the oblong, wedge-shaped stone blocks used to build an arch
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Tesserae
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the small piece of stone, glass or other object that is pieced together with many others to create a mosaic
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Muqarnas
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small nichlike components stacked in tiers to fill the transition between differing vertical and horizontal planes
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Kufic Script
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an ornamental, angular Arabic script
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Naskhi style
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("copying") cursive script commonly used by educated Muslims (one of the earliest scripts to develop)
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Parchment or Vellum
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A writing surface made from treated skins of animals. (very fine Parchment is known as Vellum)
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Madrasa
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an islamic institution of higher learning (where teaching is focused on theology and law)
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Mausoleum
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a monumental building used as a tomb (named after the tomb of Mausolos erected at Halikarnassos)
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Voussours
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the oblong, wedge-shaped stone blocks used to build an arch. (The topmost voussoir is called a keystone)
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Mirador
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in Spanish and Islamic palace architecture, a very large window or room with windows, and sometimes balconies, providing views to interior courtyards or the exterior landscape
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Squinches
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piece of construction used for filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a proper base to receive an octogonal or spherical dome
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Kiswah
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*Kaaba Mecca
*black silk cloth embroidered in gold with verses from the Qu'ran *redone and replaced once a year |
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Aniconism
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avoidance of figural imagery (forbidden)
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Slide:
Haram Al-Sharif (aerial view) |
*noble santuary
*rocky outcrop from which Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to the presence of God |
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Slide:
The Great Mosque, Kairouan, Tunisia |
*congregational mosque
*hypostyle mosque *qibla wall *mihrab *minbar *maqsura *minaret *ambulatory |
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Slide:
Prayer hall, Great Mosque, Cordoba Spain |
*view of Maqsura and Qibla Wall
*columns are recycled from christian church *christian church inserted within the prayer hall *later ones were specially made for the prayer hall *columns of different heights *horseshoe arch *two tiers of arches *voussoirs (orange and white/ bricklike arches) *forest of columns *corinthian capital (Greco-Roman origin) *post emerging from column capital *repitition is peaceful |
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Slide:
Great Mosque, Cordoba Spain |
*hypostyle mosque
*mosque built in site of former christian church established by the visigoths *mosque expanded 3 times after its initial construction *total area of mosque: 620 x 460 feet *courtyard with orange trees *gothic cathedral in the middle *ritual ablutions (washing oneself clean) |
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Slide:
Mihrab, Great Mosque, Cordoba Spain |
*dome in front of the Mihrab, Great Mosque
*melon-shaped *tesserae mosaic |
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Slide:
Page from the Qur'an |
*in kufic script
*medium black ink *pigments, and gold vellum *believed to reveal the word of god *Muhammad's death in 632 *Importance of Arabic language *calligraphy: beautiful writing *present in buildings, metalworks, ceramics or textiles *Arabic script: right to left *kufic script- formal red dots |
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Slide:
Arabic manuscript page (1199) |
*Naskhi script
*created between 10th and 13th centuries *where can these be found? -kufic script -vines? -vertical and horizontal Naski script? *paper/vellum/parchment *artist:Attributed to Galinus |
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Slide:
Tile Mosaic Mihrab |
*from the Madrasa Imami, isfahan
*Qur'anic writings: five pillars of jerusalem *calligraphy *emptiness signifies that there is only one god. |
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Slide:
Courtyard, Masjid-I Jami, Isfahan Iran |
*Iwan
*courtyard *minarets *Dome *Qibla Iwan *pointed arches *brilliant blue glazed tile |
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Slide:
Masjid-I Jami, Isfahan Iran (exterior) |
*Date: 11th-18th century
14th century Iwan vault 17th century minarets |
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Slide:
Court of Lions, Palace of the lions |
*Char bagh: court divided in 4 parts
-each part symbolizes 1 of the 4 parts of the world *water channels- symbolize the 4 rivers of paradise *column forest- represents palm trees of an oasis in the desert *fountain- sultan granting graces on all subjects and lands *Chahar bagh: garden divided into 2 quadrants *court of the lions -cross axial walkways, channels for water -marble fountain -twelve stone lions *stucco arches:variations horseshoe and pointed arches *one/two/three columns |
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Slide:
Ground Plan of the Alhambra palace complex, Granada Spain |
*built on a hilltop site of a preislamic fortress
*about half a mile long *citadel *most of whats there today was built after the Christian conquest of the area *view of the court of the Myrtle trees, with gallery and hall of Ambassadors in the background, Alhambra, Spain *gardens and fountains *floor plan of the Palace Complex proper |
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Slide:
Hall of Abencerrajes |
*ceiling made with carved stucco
*squinches *muqarnas *eight pointed star *eighteen windows *burst of muqarnas |
