Art History 2530 (2)

Front 1

the study of the significance and interpretation of the subject matter of art

Back 1

Iconography

Front 2

the predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent

Back 2

Hinduism

Front 3

a path of salvation attained through insight into the ultimate nature of reality

Back 3

Buddism

Front 4

to represent things such as ideas and emotions

Back 4

Symbol/Symbolism

Front 5

a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India

Back 5

Sanskrit Language

Front 6

combined systems of occupation, endogamy, social culture, social class, and political power

Back 6

Caste System

Front 7

lowest caste

Back 7

Untouchables

Front 8

* Hymns
* a large body of texts originating in Ancient India

Back 8

Vedas

Front 9

are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta

Back 9

Upanishads

Front 10

one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa

Back 10

Mahabarata

Front 11

* an ancient Sanskrit epic
* It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king

Back 11

Ramayana

Front 12

* the indidvidual soul
* a philosophical term used within Hinduism and Vedanta to identify the soul
* (in Buddism) literally means "self", but is sometimes translated as "soul" or "ego".

Back 12

Atman

Front 13

* the universal soul
* the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe

Back 13

Brahman

Front 14

* existence in the cycle
* the endless cycle of suffering caused by birth, death and rebirth (i.e. reincarnation) within Buddhism, Bön, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and other related religions

Back 14

Samsara

Front 15

* the state of being free from suffering

Back 15

Nirvana (also called moska)

Front 16

* beauty within the caste system
* an Indian spiritual and religious term, that means one's righteous duty or any virtuous path in the common sense of the term

Back 16

Dharma

Front 17

* nature's spirit
* Hindu god of wealth who rules in the mythical Himalayan kingdom of Alaka
* male and female depictions
* (female) often depicted as beautiful and voluptuous, with wide hips, narrow waists, broad shoulders, and exaggerated, spherical breasts

Back 17

Yakshi/Yashkas

Front 18

* an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent

Back 18

King Ashoka

Front 19

* concept: "axis of the world" which marks sacred sites and denotes a link between the human and celestial realms
* a ubiquitous symbol that crosses human cultures. The image expresses a point of connection between sky and earth where the four compass directions meet

Back 19

Axis Mundi

Front 20

* a.k.a Buddha
* a spiritual teacher in the north eastern region of the Indian subcontinent who founded Buddhism

Back 20

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Front 21

* where Buddha first taught
* the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma

Back 21

Sarnath

Front 22

* a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, once thought to be places of Buddhist worship, typically the remains of a Buddha or saint
* (Buddhist Architecture) bell-shaped or pyramidal religious movement, made of piled earth or stone and containing sacred relics

Back 22

Stupa

Front 23

* type of gateway seen in Hindu and Buddhist architecture
* (Indian Architecture) an ornamented gateway arch in a temple, usually leading to stupa

Back 23

Torana

Front 24

* Great Stupa of Sanchi
*

Back 24

Railings

Front 25

* a canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight
*

Back 25

Umbrellas

Front 26

* a structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere

Back 26

Dome

Front 27

* a Sanskrit word that translates as "wheel" or "turning"
* believed to exist in the surface of the etheric double of man

Back 27

Chakra

Front 28

* walking around structure to represent worship

Back 28

Circumambulation Path

Front 29

* refer to a voluminous body of folklore-like literature native to India concerning the previous births (jāti) of the Buddha

Back 29

Jatakas

Front 30

*

Back 30

Mahayana Buddism

Front 31

*

Back 31

Gandhara School

Front 32

*

Back 32

Mathura School

Front 33

* divine purity in an imperfect world

Back 33

Lotus Flower

Front 34

* "have no fear" is being depicted in "Buddha and Attendants" and also in
"Shiva Nataraja"

Back 34

Mudras

* gesture of meditation
* gesture of turning the wheel of Dharma
* gesture of "have no fear"
*

Front 35

* princelike features
* Buddha

Back 35

Elongated Earlobes

Front 36

* turf of white hair on forehead
* Buddha

Back 36

Urna

Front 37

* a three dimensional oval at the top of the head of the Buddha
* It symbolizes his wisdom and openness as an enlightened being

Back 37

Ushnisha

Front 38

*

Back 38

Mithura Couples

Front 39

*

Back 39

Sinuous Lines

Front 40

* means either "enlightened (bodhi) existence (sattva)" or "enlightenment-being" or, given the variant Sanskrit spelling satva rather than sattva, "heroic-minded one (satva) for enlightenment (bodhi)
* a being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in this world in order to help others advance spiritually

Back 40

Bodhisattva

Front 41

* the Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva

Back 41

Bhrama

Front 42

* the creator: conch and shell

Back 42

Vishnu

Front 43

* the detroyer: lingam
* also known as Rudra (the "Feared One") is a major Hindu god and one aspect of Trimurti

Back 43

Shiva

Front 44

* a symbol for the worship of the Hindu deity Shiva
* place of worship centered on an object or r epresentation in the form of a phallus, which symbolizes the power of the Hindu god Shiva

Back 44

Lingam

Front 45

*

Back 45

Northern Style Temple

Front 46

*

Back 46

Southern Style Temple

Front 47

* representation of Shiva

Back 47

Image

Front 48

* frrom the Sanskrit word meaning "womb chamber" a small room or shrine in a Hindu temple containing a holy image

Back 48

Garbhagriha

Front 49

* in the architecture of northern India, a conical (or pyramidal) spire found atop a Hindu temple and often crowned with an amalaka

Back 49

Shikhara

Front 50

* provides an end to the temple (round top)

Back 50

Capstone

Front 51

* in Hindu architecture, the circular or square-shaped element on top of a spire (shikhara), often crowned with a finial, symbolizing the cosmos

Back 51

Amalaka

Front 52

* a knoblike architectural decoration usually found at the top point of a spire, pinnacle, canopy, or gable
* needle like shape, comes out of Northern Style Temple, represents axis mundi

Back 52

Finial