Art History 1St Test

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whats included in the Bronze Age Aegean cultures?

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cycladic minoan & mycenean

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the stone figures found on the Cyclades were

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placed in burials

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the minoan palace at knosses was

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multistoried with tapered wood columns

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the lion gate was

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c1250BCE marked the only entrance to the mainland city of mycenea made use of corbeling and a relieving stone showed influence of minoan architectural forms

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the 750BCE amphora vase

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had images of a funerary scene and marked a burial is from the greek geometric period and is the earliest extant example of representational vase painting by the greeks

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the order of greek art historical periods is

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geometric, archaic, clasical & hellenistic

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an archaic kouros figure represents

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a young man who is an athlete cultural hero or god

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the greek vase showing ajax & achilles from 540BCE was made by..... shows..... is an example of.....

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is attributed to exekias both as pottr and painter, is an example of a blaack figure vase and refrences Greek legends recorded in Homers Iliad

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greek architecture established the use architectural orders which includes

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doric ionic and corinthian, pist and lintel support systems for temples, relationships of bases columns capitals and entablatures with metopes or friezes

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the palette of narmer was created during the

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early dynastic period

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a necropolis is an

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egyptian city of the dead

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the transitional funerary structure in old kingdom egypt between mastabas and smooth side pyramids is a

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step pyramid

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the three pyramids at giza were constructed around

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2500BCE

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khafres ka statue

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was made of hard imported stone was made to house tho soul of the deceased king and was conformed to the canon for a pharaoh

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images of Egyptian court officials are

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more naturalistic than images of royalty

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new egyptian kingdom architecture focused on

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temple building

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the amarana period in new kingdom egypt

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was ruled by akhenaten broke the established old kingdom canon and practiced monotheism

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image making began in present day europe around

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30000BCE

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BCE stands for

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Before Common Era

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paleolithic art

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is prehistoric was made by migrant hunters and gathers and tends to be portable when three dimensional

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the woman of willendorf sculpture represents

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the essence of fertility

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paleolithic cave paintings

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may represent a ritural hunt or vision quest

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lascaux cave is located in

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france

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neolithic cultures

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began farming herding animals and establishing settlements

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megaliths are large ......... & ........... stones

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large upright and arranged stones

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dolmens are

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entrances to burial mounds

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stonehenge is

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is a cromlech that designates a ritural space was built over a span of more than 1000 yrs by the beaker ppl functions as a diagram of the cosmos agricultural calendar and marks the summer solist

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the major change from prehistoric to ancient periods is

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written language and math

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mesopotamia is

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greek for between two rivers is in present day iraq and is in the ancient near east

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sumerians invented

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cuneiform in the 3rd millennium BCE

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ziggurats are

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translated as mountain tops were built of adobe and fired brick and supported temples to gods

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akkadians created historical ..........

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created historical stele commemorating conquest

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assyrian palaces were lined with ......... of ....., ...... ....., ....... &....... ...... were ......... by monumental ........... ....... ......... figures known as ....... & reached their peak ...........

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were lined with stone reliefs of supernaturals court life warfare and lion hunts, were guarded by monumental polymorphic stone gateway figures known as lamasssu and reached their peak between the 9-7th C BCE

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how did the persians ruel... how large was their empire

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didnot always rule by force but controlled through taxation used images of gift bearers as propaganda at persepolis and controlled the largest empire the world had ever seen

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ancient near eastern arts.........., are ............ & employ........ & ....... details

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changed with each new ruler are figurative and employ styilization and pattern

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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woman of willendorf made from stone found in austria symbolizes fertility

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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cave paintings ar lascaux found in france made from stone & natural pigments mixed with animal or vegitable fat or blood possibly ensure hunting or as teaching tools or vision quest

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what does megalith mean

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big stone

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what does dolmen mean

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burrial entrance uses post and lintel system

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what is a post and lintel system

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2 or more stones supporting a horizontal stone or log

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what is a menhir

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a long stone

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what is cromlech

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circle place

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summarians

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1st writting started as picto graph and evolved gilgumesh story of immortality legendary hero during the mesopotamia period in the ancient near east

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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votive figures also called worshipers. fround in tell asmar iraq, made from stone in 2700 BCE they are styalized but naturalistic they have a unibrow they were believed to be standins for the royal family, priests etc and they were placed in the temple to worship the gods 24/7

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akkadians were from.... lasted ........ what made a huge impact

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were in central mesopotamia they lasted about 100 yrs their language made a huge impact

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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head of ruler made from copper mixed with other metals 12in high found in iraq. possibly sargon the 1st its hollow and the 1st example of cast metal . yr 2300BCE

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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stela of naramsin 6 and a half ft tall made from sand stone in 2200 BCE shows narasimn conquring iran it breaks from ground lines and places figures in a believable setting. the ppl with the right sides shown are portrayed as good ppl and visa versa

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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ziggurat. still during mesopotamia city of Ur in 2100 BCE it is a monument to wealth and power 50ft tall covers 30000 sq ft cultural political and economical hub of city states it was restored in 1990. the basic shape is a trapizoid its dedicated to narathe the moon god and made from mud clay and fired brick. its basically a man made mountain to support a temple its the first monumental architecture land mark of kings power and cultural stability it predated egyptian pyramids

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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gateway guardian found on gate ways leading into palace known as a genie it has the head of king imnortall head dress body of a bull or lion and wings of an egal. its a relief carving made from stone has repeating patterns in the hair

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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ceremonial complex with audiance hall it could hold many many ppl it had really tall foofs supported by columns bulls were sculpted on the top of columns and represented the king instead of a god the walls were covered in releaf sculptures which lead you to the thrown room while depicting how they conqured such a large empire. they steps were built to accomidate horsed saturalism is shown when you get to the thrown room the sculptures meet face to face hieratic scale is still used

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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palette of narmer found in upper egypt. named after king narmer made from slate its function as an offering or some kind of verimonial object king narmer is shown concoring the king of lower egypt. king narmer united upper and lower egypt its double sidded and on the back king narmer is shown in lower egypt giving the full message of conquest

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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djosers step pyramid imhotep was the architect its the first monumental stone architecture its 200ft tall and surrounded by a city of dead the toumb was 92ft down imhotep was the first architect to sigh his work and suposedly when he died he was turned into a god

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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pyramids of khufu khafre menkaura in giza. khufu was burried in the center of the pyramid instead of below he has the largest pyramid its the one in the back he ruled 1st it covers 13acers of land. khafre ruled 2nd his is in the mid. menkaura ruled 3rd his is the closest and the smallest but he has three smaller pyramids surrounding his these house his wives. these pyramids are in the subbarbs of kyro they are made from stone and some lyme stone with granit sarcofagases

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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khafres ka statue is a relief sculpture its styalized. its a contact point for priests and mummiefied khafre. its made from diaright a very hard stone. its 66in high and provides a place for the soul to reside it says on it that it was craved from life. the sky god is embracing khafres head

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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seated scribe less than 2ft tall made from lyme stone. the scribes were some of the most educated ppl in the court he is carved in the round & not styalized

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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funerary temple of queen hapshetsut shows a shift to temple architecture she was the 2nd queen. she promoted herself as a pharo she was the most important queen she had this temple built for amun not as a burrrial place. she ruled for her stepson thutmus the 3rd. this temple is built by a clif in dier-el-bahri

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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akhenaten and family (the hicckup in egyptian history) akhenaten moved the capital to tell el-amarana. he had a new depiction of kings and new religion he honored aten the sun god. after he died most stuff from this time was distroyed. he broke the egyptian canon for a short period of time. the is releaf sculpture is 10X13in it shows implyed movement and emotion. nefertini was prominant wife. he was hydrogeness and trying to capture some of his nubian mothers features in his new canon. this picture shows the whole royal family as gods. after he died the priests tried to destroy everything related to him and retyurn to the old canon

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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burial figyres. made from marble in a range of sizes. found around in or on graves they were laid on their backs to show and individual in death. 98% are portrayed as women. not sure what they represent or how they functioned. they are very styelized theywere painted at one point. the heads are tilted slightly up the toes down and the arms crossed. the male figures are more 3D and are usually doing something

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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minoan palace at knossos made from stone mud brick straw wood & timber columbnbs reinforced walls. probably the hub of political and religious stuff. theres no proof of kings & queens living here. it covers 6 acers . according to greek ledgand king minos broke a promise to posiden and cacued the queen to marry an ox give birth to a minitar and someone defeated the minitar and found his way back out of the knossos (laberanth). it had public baths w. running water it was a multistoried building.they had fresco murals, bull leaping/ dolphins/ sealife, & very advanced pottery. they had apottery wheel

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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lion gate uses post & lentle combined with corbeling the lion carving is used as a releaving stone. the lions are carved on either side of a minoan columb, the heads are said to have been removeable

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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beehive tomb (tholos) a beehive shaped toumb for powerful ppl 47 ft diamitor 43 ft tall. uses post & lental combined with corbaling and relief stone at the entrance corbaling is used to create a dome its made from stone

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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kouros means young man genaric males. carved from marble 6ft 4in. shows egyptian influance in the stance, cleanched hands attached to body. the diffrence is that its more naturalistic and has negitive space. hes nude not clothed and not naked. he is an example of heroic nude (shows gods athleats or cultural heros) found near athens

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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funerary vase shape is krater, it marked a grave of some wealthy man 4ft tall. its exceptianal because of the painting. its made from clay and painted with clay. it doesnt have a bottom so ppl wouldnt steal it and so they could pour things to the next world. this is the only thing greeks placed in graves during the geometric period. the ppl shown on the vase depict the burrial and passage into the afterlife. it also shows that the deceased man was a warrior (early example of naritive). the designe rule here is no space left empty.

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what is this what is is made from where did it come from what is its story

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exekias ajax and achillles black figure vase. marked a grave artist potter and painter is exekias. it moves towards humanistic style its 24in tall. paint with a slip fire then etch in all the little details. shows ajax & achilles playing a board game. ajax & achilles were cousins. it shows a sense of space achilles dies and his armor is given away ajax kills himself because of this and this is shown on another vase also made by exekias

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kore means

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young woman. genaric term for sculpture of woman (greek)

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kouros means

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young man genaric term for sculpture of man (greek)

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architectural orders

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doric ionic corinthian

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heroic nude

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shows gods athleats or cultural heros in the nude not naked and not with clothes

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find: austria, france, england, iraq, iran, hieronkopolis, saqqara egypt, giz egypt, dier-el-bahri egypt, tell el amarna egypt, cyclades islands, crete, mainland greece, mycenea, athens greece, & italy

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cuneiform

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wedgeform

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polytheism

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worship of many gods

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hieratic scal

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more important larger picture less important shown smaller in picture

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hieroglyph

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egyption writing based on pictographs

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necropolis

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egyption city of the dead built west of the living city

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mastaba

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bench that marks burrial chambers

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canon

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ideal way to design/create

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fresco

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water color on fresh wet plaster, bull leaping fresco is styalized

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corbel

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huge stones overlapping untill they form a dome like space