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133 Cards in this Set

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7 Elements of Design

Line, space, shape, form, value, texture and colour.

Warm colours

Red, yellow and orange.




Feeling of warmth, colour of fire.

Cool colours

Blue, green and purple/violet.




Colour of water, grass.

Monochromatic

One colour used in various shades and tints.

Analogous (Harmonious) colours

Colours that are side by side on the colour wheel.




Create calmness and order.

Complementary

Colours opposite each other on the colour wheel. Contrast against each other.




Ex. yellow and purple, green and red, yellow and blue.

Characteristics of a colour

Hue- pure colour


Intensity- brightness of a colour/purity


Value- lightness or darkness of a colour

Primary colours

Colours that can't be mixed.




Red, yellow and blue.

Secondary colours

Created by mixing two primary colours.




yellow+red=orange


yellow+blue=green


blue+red=purple/violet

Intermediary colours

Mixing a primary and a secondary colour. Primary colours name always comes first.




red+orange=red-orange

Tertiary colours

-Third level mixes.


-Red+yellow+blue


-Earthy, neutral, muddy


-Not on the colour wheel


-2 compliments mixed in equal portions cancel each other out and form a neutral, gray tone.

Triads

3 equally spaced colours on the colour wheel.




Ex. yellow, red and blue.

Tetrads

4 equally spaced colours on a colour wheel.




Ex. yellow-orange, green, blue-violet, red

Types of balance

- Symmetrical (formal)


- Asymmetrical (informal)


- Radial

Positive vs. Negative space

Positive- space that is taken up by something




Negative- space not taken up by something

Actual vs. Implied texture

Actual- feels like something when you touch it




Implied- looks like it feels like something but really doesn't

Variety

Different things, no sameness, interesting

Unity

Looks like everything goes together, repetition in materials and patterns, use the same colour

Emphasis

Use solid colours, contrast positive and negative space

Movement

Things facing the same direction, create focal points

Abstract

Taking an image/figure and altering it to a lesser or greater extent.

Non-objective

No recognizable objects and shapes in a composition. No general subject matter.

One-point Perspective

Having one vanishing point. Leading with the front of a shape.

Two-point Perspective

Having two vanishing points. Leading with the corner of a shape.

Create an image with pen and paper

-Paint


-Photography


-Spray paint on a wall


-Sculpture


-Photoshop

Outline (type of line)

Lines made by the edge of an object or its silhouette.

Contour (type of line)

Lines that describe the shape of an object and the interior detail.

Gesture (type of line)

Lines that are energetic and catches the movement and gestures of an active figure.

Sketch (type of line)

Lines that capture the appearance of an object or impression of a place.

Calligraphic (type of line)

Greek word meaning "beautiful writing."




Precise, elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. Also artwork that has flowing lines like an elegant handwriting.

Implied (type of line)

Lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance. The direction an object is pointing to or the direction a person is looking at.




Ex. trees

Width (characteristic of line)

Thick, thin, tapering, uneven

Length (characteristic of line)

Long, short, continuous, broken

Direction (characteristic of line)

Horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curving, perpendicular

Oblique (characteristic of line)

Slanted,sloped upwards.




Parallel, radial, zigzag

Focus (characteristic of line)

Sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy.

Feeling (characteristic of line)

Sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth

The meaning of line

-The path of a dot through space.


-A trained artist uses lines to control the movement of the viewer's eye into, around and out of visual images in a work of art.

Vertical lines (feeling)

Appear to be at attention. Used to show dignity, formality or strength.

Horizontal lines (feeling)

Appear to be at rest. Used to make the viewer feel comfortable, calm and relaxed.

Diagonal lines (feeling)

Signal action and excitement. Sometimes makes the viewer feel tense and uncomfortable.

Curved lines (feeling)

Curved lines express movement, though in a more graceful, flowing way.

Zigzag lines (feeling)

Create confusion. Suggest action and nervous excitement.

Qualities of lines

Line Quality describes the unique character of any line.

Geometric shapes

See them in architecture and manufactured items. Geometric figures/shapes.

Organic shapes

We see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular. Not geometric shapes.

Positive shapes

Solid forms in a design such as a bowl of fruit.

Negative shapes

The space around the positive shape or the shape around the bowl of fruit.

Static shape

Shapes that appear to be stable and resting.

Dynamic shape

Shapes that appears moving and active.

Picture plane

Flat surface of your drawing paper or canvas.

Focal point

The object or area where the artist wants the viewer's eye to go to.

Position

Placing an object higher on the page makes it appear father back than the objects placed lower on the page.

Overlapping

When an object overlaps another object it appears closer to the viewer, and the object behind appears to be farther away.

Size Variation

Smaller objects look farther away in the distance. Larger objects look closer.

Value (in shapes/distance)

Lighter values appear to be father back. Darker values appear to be closer.

Linear Perspective

Method of using lines to show the illusion of depth.

Split complements

Combination of one colour and the colours one both sides in a composition. More variety than a straight complementary colour scheme.

Tint

Adding white to a colour to create lighter values.

Shade

Adding black to a colour to create darker colours.

High-key

Where the picture is all light values.

Low-key

Where the picture is all dark values.

Value contrast

Light values placed next to dark values to create a strong difference.

Value scale

A scale that shows the gradual change in values from its lightest (white) to its darkest (black).

How long did Ancient Egyptian civilization last?

More than 3500 years.

Where did the ancient Egyptians hope to be buried?

One the western side of the Nile river.

What Egyptian artifact was discovered by French troops?

The Rosetta Stone




Contained the same inscription in Greek and hieroglyphic which allowed for the translation of the ancient writing.

What most likely helped the Egyptians set the Pyramid stones in place?

Ramps

What is hieroglyphs?

A pictograph language used by the early Egyptians.

What did the Egyptians believe?

-There was life after death. Their spirits moved on to live in another world.


-Obsessed with immortality.


-They carved and painted their names and surrounded it with a cartouche (an oval).


-The cartouche was a magic form of protection.

What would enemies do against the Egyptians?

-Paint over or chisel away the cartouche.


-Destroyed spirits.


-Used especially against the powerful spirits of the dead Pharaohs.

How long has pen and ink been in use?

-Over thousands of years in the Far East.


-Often called Indian or Chinese ink.

What is ink?

Rich, black, permanent material made from carbon black, shellac and water. Permanent when dry, doesn't wash out of clothes easily and cannot be erased.

2 Parts of a pen

-The handle and nib.


-Slight pressure on the nib will spread the two prongs apart to create a wider line.



Pen and ink rules

-Hold the pen at a 45 degree angle to paper, never upright.


-Pull the pen towards you.


-Never push the pen forward or it will catch and splatter.

Cross hatching

Parallel diagonal lines layered with more diagonals on a contrasting/intersecting angle to create darker areas.

Stipple

Controlled dots. More concentrated in darker areas.

Random lines

Squiggly mass of lines that are less dense in lighter areas.

Parallel lines (in value)

Thin, fine, wide spread lines in a light areas. Thinker, closer set lines in shadowy areas.

What were the essentials of a major civilization established by the Egyptians?

Literature, medical science and higher mathematics.

What is Egyptology?

Archaeology having to do with the pyramids, art and history.

What was the purpose of a portrait statue in ancient Egypt?

Provided different places for the spirit to inhabit in case the mummified corpse was destroyed or could no longer be used.

How was the human figure depicted in the stone carvings and drawings in ancient Egypt?

-Full frontal view of the eyes and shoulders


-Head, arms and legs as a side profile view

How is the surface divided in the wall paintings in Egypt?

Lines that create spaces or bands.



What did the size of the figure indicate in Egypt?

Indicated the rank of significance. Pharaohs were giants compared to the servants.

What were the Egyptian statues made of and why?

-Hard materials such as diorite and granite.


-Intended to last eternally

Pose of the Egyptian statues

-Facing the front and were bi symmetrical


-Arms were placed close to their chests

Process of mummification

1. Removing vital organs like the brain and lungs. Brains were removed by a metal hook and things such as the liver and stomach were preserved in urns.




2. The body soaked in brine for more than a month than left out to dry.




3. Wrapped in layers of bandages then placed in their stone sarcophagus.

Largest stone structure in the world?

The Great Pyramid of Cheops of Giza

Estimated completion time of the Great Pyramid?

23 years

What are safety practices you should practice when working with art tools?

-Show responsibility


-Use the tools for their intended purposes


-Follow the set instructions

Long term exposure to chemicals contributed to health problems for which two artists?

1. Peter Paul Rubens- contracted rheumatoid arthritis which is displayed in his self portraits.




2. Vincent Van Gogh- suffered from lead poisoning from inhaling chemicals or ingesting paint chips.

What does ACMI stand for and what is its purpose?

-Art and Creative Materials Institute


- They run tests on art materials to determine the level of toxicity.

What does the Consumer Packing and Labeling require in Canada?

Must indicate that they are safe for the users and the environment.

Six key rules to follow when working with chemicals in the Creative Process

-Read labels about the safe use of chemicals


-Work in a well ventilated room and never breathe in toxic fumes/dust


-Never have food or drinks as they absorb toxins


-Keep paints, solvents and chemicals in sealed containers


-Never pour chemicals down the drain but take them to a recycling depot


-Wash your hands thoroughly after use

How can artists follow the three R's?

Reduce- planning materials ahead of time, keep leftovers in a safe place




Reuse- reuse art supplies whenever possible




Recycle- see if any materials can be recycled, dispose of them without harming the enviroment

Three tips for creating a more sustainable art studio

-Work in natural sunlight instead of electric lights


-Use old clothing as clean rags


-Dispose of chemicals at a recycling depot

What is upcycling?

Using leftover or unwanted materials to create something brand new.




Ex. leftovers in sculptures, old fabric into clothing and accessories

Greek Golden Age- 9 levels of excellence in...

Art, architecture, poetry, drama, philosophy, government laws, logic, history and mathematics.

Greek philosophy summed in in words

"Man is the measure of all things."


-Protagoras

What 3 things did Greek Philosophy stress?

Harmony, order and clarity.

HOC

What did vase paintings tell the story of?

God and heroes of Greek myth as well as contemporary subjects as warfare and drinking parties.

What was the vase design called Geometric style?

Figures and ornaments were primarily geometric shapes.

Black-figured style of vase painting

Black forms that stood out against the reddish clay background. The artist scratched in details with a needle to expose the red underneath.

Red-figured style of vase painting

Reverse colour scheme of black-figured style

What were the two ideal proportions the Greeks represented in their statues?

Body (through athletic endeavor) and mind (through intellectual debate).

What was the synthesis the Greeks sought of the two poles of human behaviour?

Passion and reason.

What was the Greek principle of weight shift or contrapposto?

The weight of the body rested on one leg with the body realigned accordingly, giving the illusion of the figure in a resting motion.

Doric capital

Standard components of the Doric temple. 

Standard components of the Doric temple.

Corinthian capital

Column topped with stylized leaves. 

Column topped with stylized leaves.

Ionic capital

Wipe spread in the Greek settlements of Asia Minor and the Aegean. Swirl. 

Wipe spread in the Greek settlements of Asia Minor and the Aegean. Swirl.

Geometric art (Greek art style)

9th -8th century B.C.




Pottery ornamented with geometric banding and friezes of simplified animals, humans.

Archaic art (Greek art style)

600-480 B.C.




Period includes kouros stone figures and vase painting.

Kouros/Kore (Greek art style)

625-480 B.C.




Kouros- nude male youth


Kore- clothed maiden




Free-standing statues of human figures; frontal stance, left foot forward, clenched fists and a grimace known as the Archaic smile.

Severe Style (Greek art style)

Early phase of Classical sculpture characterized by reserved, remote expressions.

Classical art (Greek art style)

480-323 B.C.




Peak of Greek art and architecture, idealized figures exemplify order and harmony.

Hellenistic (Greek art style)

232-31 B.C.




Greek derived style, found in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Egypt; more melodramatic than classical style

What do the Pyramids tell us about the level of technological advancements in the society's that created them?

-Advanced with basic tool of their time


-Lots of advanced arithmetic and mathematical components

Free standing sculpture in the round vs. relief sculpture

Sculpture in the round is meant to be looked at from all angles and views. It always looks like what is intended to.




Relief sculpture can only be viewed from one angle/perspective/direction. The materials are connected to the surface or background.

Why is the Creative Process flexible and fluid?

-Things/steps can be altered or added


-Open-ended, unpredictable


-Everyone will have their own approach


-Explore and experiment before making final decisions

Challenging and Inspiring (Creative Process 1)

Finding a problem to solve

Imagining and Generating (Creative Process 2)

-Thinking stage


-Meaning behind the intended artwork


-Lots of logic and planning

Planning and Focusing (Creative Process 3)

-Begin to make plans


-Ideas, materials, challenges


-Thinking about subject matter


-Gather information

Exploring and Experimenting (Creative Process 4)

-Playing with media and materials


-Trying stuff out


-Ideas change


-Clarify ideas


-Solving problems

Producing Preliminary Work (Creative Process 5)

Everything comes together

Revising and Refining (Creative Process 6)

-Feedback


-Finalize changes

Presenting and Performing (Creative Process 8)

Sharing with others

Reflecting and Evaluating (Creative Process 9)

-What works, what doesn't


-Areas for improvement

History of Prehistoric Art

During the last glacial-epoch, when hunter-gatherers were still living in caves, the Neanderthal tool-making mentality gave way to the Cro-Magnon urge to make images.

The Prehistoric figures meaning

Not to adorn the body or decorate the cavern but out of an attempt to control or appease natural forces.

What were the Prehistoric sculptures made of?

Bone, ivory, stone or antlers.

What were the cave paintings pictures of?

Bison, deer, horses, cattle, mammoths and boars. Located in the most hidden and remote parts of the cave.

Art Criticism Steps

Stage 1: Initial Reaction


Stage 2: Analysis and Interpretation


Stage 3: Cultural Context


Stage 4: Aesthetic Judgement