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83 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Neolithic China

Circa 7000 to 2200 BC

The earliest agricultural settlements in China developed along the

Yellow River

The Neolithic settlements date back as far as 5000 BC to the

Yangshao culture in northwest China.

Primary Yangshao site, a circular village of unplanned placement of structures, surrounded by a moat for protection

Banpo village

None of the designs Banpo village could be defined as

Representational

Xia Period

2200 to 1700 BC

Discoveries at Anyang since the 1920s seem to verify the existence of this period.

Xia period

Most interesting discovery in Xia period

Inscribed bones, the earliest Chinese artifacts with writing (in actuality, a pictographic script that expressed abstract ideas).

Shang Dynasty

1700 to 1045 BC

Recorded history begins in China

Shang dynasty

Developed during the Shang dynasty

A writing system which at first consisted of characters inscribed on bones and shells; later inscriptions were made on pottery and bronze vessels.

Another important development during the Shang

Metal work with sophisticated bronze castings being executed using a piece-mold technique

The popular material for funerary goods because of its expense (representing wealth and status) and permanence.

Bronze, an alloy of tin and copper

Probably the most significant development during the Shang

The building of large tombs to house the deceased emperors

Ceremonial food vessel

Ding

Ceremonial wine vessel

Yu

The Ding is typical of the bronze vessels of the

Shang dynasty

Ding is cast in this technique

Piece mold

Ding is covered with this design

A complicated, essentially zoomorphic, design.

The most frequent design convention on Shang vessels is called a

Displayed figure (which seems to be mostly a head), with the motif divided in half lengthwise and the halves spreading out symmetrically on the vessel.

When a culture uses space-filling conventions, such as seem on Shang dynasty objects, it is termed

Horror vacui (fear of empty space)

Zhou Dynasty

1045 to 480 BC

Beginning of the "mandate of heaven" to rule

Zhou leaders

Vessel in the shape of a ferocious animal, maybe a bear or a tiger, that is swallowing a man.

Yu

A feudal aristocracy was created during the

Zhou, declared that “under heaven, all one family”

Jade disks, technically precise and exquisite ritual objects frequently put in tombs.

Pi

Warring States Period (Zhou Dynasty)

480 to 221 BC

During the 6th century BC six states began an extended period of warfare in which they battled for supremacy. The states were Qin, Chu, Zan, Zhao, Wei, and Han. Won:

Qin state

Two philosophers during Warring States period

Laozi and Confucius

The founder of Taoism

Laozi

The founder of Confucianism

Confucius

Meant to put humans in harmony with the natural order

Taoism

Philosophy emphasized correct moral and social actions

Confucian philosophy

Qin Dynasty

221 to 209 BC

The Qin leader that brought the Warring States Period to an end

Zheng

After declaring himself first emperor of China, Zheng known as

Shi Huangdi (221 to 206 BC).

Shi Huangdi (Zheng) established his capitol, had all historical books destroyed and killed thousands of Confucian scholars.

Xi’an (She-ahn)

Best remembered for extending the Great Wall of China to a length of 1500 miles, and for his enormous tomb complex built near Xi’an

Shi Huangdi

First Emperor’s burial mound

600 feet tall Mount Li

Tomb of Shi Huangdi - First Emperor’s burial mound auxiliary tomb chamber contains

an army of over 7000 life-sized terra-cotta soldiers.

Great Wall begun

214 BC

Han Dynasty

206 BC to AD 220

Overthrew their predecessors when Shi Huangdi died

the Han

Established under the Han dynasty, a trading route that linked the east with the west

The Silk Road

Became the official ideology under the Han

Confucianism

Considered the Chinese Classical age

Zhou dynasty

The Golden Age

Han dynasty

The art of the Han moves away from being status-oriented to

everyday subjects, with mythology and narrative becoming common in art. Human figures, animals, village and farm yard scenes are portrayed.

The Dai Tombs, found at Mawangdui in 1971, had been made for

The wife of the Marquise of Dai. The tombs of the Marquis (husband) and their son were nearby.

Draped over the innermost of three nesting coffins.

The Funerary Banner

The scenes on the banner depict three world levels:

The sky world, the earth world, and the nether world

One of the most evocative figurines in tombs to be found from this period is

The Flying Horse, late Han Dynasty

Flying Horse, foot on swallow represents

Supernatural power of horse

Six Dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wei Dynasty

220 to 589 AD

During the 3rd century AD the country was split further into three kingdoms, which were united under an ineffective regime called Western Jin.

Wei, Shu, and Wu

From the 4th to 6th centuries there was more political regrouping in a period is called the

Southern and Northern Dynasties

This was another period of political confusion and turmoil and only gradually was China reunited again under the

Sui Dynasty

In the 6th century, reunited China and established a powerful but short lived dynasty, called Sui.

Yang Chien, the Emperor of Wen

From Sui dynasty, exemplifies the spirit and humanity of Buddha even in its geometrically simplified form.

A Colossal Buddha (Cave #20, Yungang)

A site about ten miles west of the Wei capital. It is a series of rock-cut temples consisting of about twenty large and twenty small caves decorated with painted (polychromed) sculptures.

Yungang

Sui (Sway) Dynasty

589 to 618 AD

Yang Chien’s son built this, which united northern and southern China, and helped with the eventual absorption of the northern barbarians into the culture.

The Grand Canal

At a complex near Luoyang, work began during the Wei dynasty continued as 1,352 caves were filled with over 97,000 figures, ranging in size from colossal to miniature.

Longmen Caves

Neighing Horse

Tang Dynasty

Porcelain ceramics and colored glazed perfected

Tang Dynasty

Period of political disunity and internal strife and warfare

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Inspired flowers of sciences and arts, especially in literature and philosophy

Northern and Southern Song Dynasty

Confucianism spread, as did Chinese counterpart of Zen=Chan

Northern and Southern Song Dynasty

FAN KUAN: Travelers Amid Mountains and Streams

Northern Song, 11th Century

China split into

Northern and Southern in 1127

Capitol moved to

Hangzhou

MA YUAN: Bare Willows and Distant Mountains

Southern Song, 13th Century

Mongol horders conquered China in 1279, led by Kublai Khan

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Forbidden City in Beijing

A group called Manzhous assumed control

Qing Dynasties

Fell in 1911

Qing Dynasty

People's Republic Established

1949

Rectangular hall with pitched roof and projecting eaves

Proto-type building

Arranged symetrically

Temple precinct or complex

Imperial Palace, Forbidden City, Beijing

Qing Dynasty, 17th century

Largest building in imperial palace compound

Taihe Dian

Zoomorphic

Having or representing animal forms or gods of animal form.

Best remembered for extending the Great Wall of China to a length of 1500 milesf

Shi Huangdi