Art Appreciation

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Naturalism

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-A style of art with imagery that resembles what we see in the world around us

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Representational Art

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-Art that presents nature, people and objects from the world in recognizable form

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Idealized Art

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-A style of art in which natural imagery is modified in a way that strives for perfection according to the values and aesthetics of a particular culture

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Expressionist

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-A style of art communicating heightened emotions and often a sense of urgency or spontaneity

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Surrealism

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-A style of art w/ bizarre, dreamlike, or fantastic arrangement of images or materials drawn from the subconcious

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Nonobjective Art

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-Artwork that has no object that resembles the natural world

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Abstract Art

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-Art w/ imagery that may or may not be recognizable, but it has derived from reality by distorting it

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Cultural Style

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-Recurring and distinctive features that we see in many works emanating from a particular place and era.

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Artist Style

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-Refers to distinguishing characteristics of one artists work

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Formalism

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-The analysis and critique of an artwork based on it composition and the arrangement of its elements and principles.

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Iconography

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-The study of visual images and symbols within their cultural and historical context

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Biography and Autobiography

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-An examination of a work of art based on the creators biography or autobiography

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Psychoanalytic

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-Art criticism that holds that art should be studied as the product of individuals who are shaped by their pasts, their unconscious urges and their social history

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Structuralism

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- Holds that understanding a single work of art based on the overall structure of art and the complex interrelationship of all its parts, because structure gives the meaning to an artwork like a sentence determines the meaning of individual words within.

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Feminism

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-Concerned w/ the patriarchal nature of culture and ways in which art oppresses or marginalizes women's perspectives.

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Gender Studies

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-Exams the intersection between art and gender identity/representation. It is a diverse field that includes studies of women.

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Post-Colonialism

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-Study of art that enforces the concept of "otherness"and ignores the perspective of colonized peoples instead assigning cultural identity.

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Critical Race Theory

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-A critical examination of society and the intersection between race, law, power and culture.

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Acropolis

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-The highest ground in an ancient Greek city; originally fortified and, later, the site of temples

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Aesthetics

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-A branch of western philosophies that is concerned w/ critical reflections on art, beauty and taste

-A critical reflection on art within a culture and reflects the preferences of a large segment of the cultures population

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Animism

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-The belief that all things in nature contain a spiritual force or soul.

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Arcade

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-A line of arches placed side by side on piers or columns that may be freestanding or attached to a wall.

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Arch

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-A curved structure made of stone or brick that supports weight over an opening.

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Armature

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-The underlying framework on which clay, wax or plaster is placed; used in making sculptures

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Assemblage

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-Sculptures made from various found objects or prefabricated parts that are put together.

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Caricature

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-The exaggeration of natural features usually seen for comic or satirical effect

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Carving

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-A type of sculpture in which unwanted materials are removed from a large block of material like stone, wood, or styrofoam

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Chiaroscuro

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-In a drawing, the use of various tones (black, white and grays) to create the illusion of volume

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Colonnade

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-A row of columns that supports an entablature or lintel

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Composition

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-The organization of elements of an artwork in such a way that harmony, balance, unity and variety are achieved.

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Contrapposto

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-A standing pose in which the body weight rests on one straight leg, with the other relaxed and bent, giving the torso an s-shaped curve.

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Context

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-Consists of the external conditions that surround a work of art, such as historical events religious attitudes, social norms, and so on.

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Encaustic

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-A paint medium in which pigments are mixed into heated beeswax

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Freestanding sculpture

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-Intended to be see from many viewpoints

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Grisaille

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Hierarchical Proportions

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-A system of proportion of figures or subject matter in a work of art that gives emphasis to what or who is considered to be the most important

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Kitab Khana

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-In the Ottoman Empire, a royal atelier of artists and craftspersons who copied and illuminated books.

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Lost Wax

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-A sculptural method in which a cast is made from a wax model by coating the model with an investment material that can be heated to high temps. The wax melts away, leaving a negative mold of the model, into which molten metal is poured or clay is pressed, creating a hollow duplicate of the original wax work.

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Memento Mori

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Monotheism

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-A religion distinguished by the belief in only one god.

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Mosaic

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-An image or decoration created by covering a surface with small pieces of variously colored material, such as metal, glass, or stone.

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Oculus

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-The round opening in the center of a dome.

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Pantheism

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-A belief that a divine spirit permeates everything in the universe

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Photomontage

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-A composition of many photographs, or of one using many prints to create a new image

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Pigment

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-Colors in powder form, mixed with binders to create paint

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Polytheism

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-The belief in many gods with distinct functions

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Readymade Sculpture

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-Already existing objects incorporated into a sculpture or assemblage. Ready-mades refer to found objects that are presented almost in their original form as finished sculptures

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Register

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-A board that contains imagery or visual motifs, often, several registers are stacked one above the other to convey a narrative sequence

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Relief Sculpture

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-Sculpture that projects from or is carved into a flat surface. When the sculptural form is at least half round or more, it is called a high relief; when it is less, it is called a low or base relief.

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Reliquary

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-A vessel or receptacle designed to house a holy relic

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Repousse

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Scarification

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-The cutting or scratching of the skin in various designs that will heal as permanent body decoration

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Silk screen

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-A printmaking technique in which ink is applied through a stencil that has been adhered to a stretched cloth

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Site-specific sculpture

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-A sculpture designed to fit into and interact with the elements in one specific location

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Vanitas

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-A style of Dutch painting in which the theme is the transitory nature of earthly things, alone with the inevitability of death

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Ziggurat

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-A terraced, flat-topped pyramid surmounted by a temple, from the ancient Near East

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Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

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-Doric - plain (dork)

-Ionic - decorative "Scrolls"

-Corinthian - Leaves (fancy)

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Barrel Vault, Dome, Load-bearing, post and lintel

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*Barrel Vault -

*Dome -

*Load-bearing - wall, holds roof

*Post and Lintel - Stonehenge