Arm, Cubital Fossa, And Elbow Joint

Front 1

A Surgical Neck Fracture of the Humerus risks:

Back 1

-Can injure axillary nerve
-common in elderly people with osteoporosis

Front 2

A Spiral Fracture of the Humeral Shaft risks:

Back 2

injury to the radial nerve

Front 3

A Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus risks:

Back 3

injury to the median nrve

Front 4

What are the Fascial Compartments of the Arm?

Back 4

Posterior Compartment-Extensors
Anterior Compartment- Flexors

Front 5

Anterior Arm Compartment Muscles

Back 5

Biceps brachii m.
Coracobrachialis m.
Brachialis m

Front 6

Posterior Arm Compartment Muscles

Back 6

Triceps brachii m.
Anconeus m

Front 7

Biceps Brachii Innervation

Back 7

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Front 8

Biceps Brachii Actions

Back 8

Short head: Weak flexor of the humerus at the shoulder

Long and short heads: Strong flexor of the elbow and supinator of the foreram.

Front 9

Describe the Attachment of the Biceps Brachii to the Forearm

Back 9

Bicipital Aponeurosis blends in to the antebrachial fasca

Front 10

Coracobrachialis Innervation and Actions

Back 10

Nerve: Musculocutaneous n.
Actions: Flexes and adducts the humerus at the shoulder
(almost no tendon, mostly fiber)

Front 11

Brachialis Innervation and Actions

Back 11

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve (with a contribution from the radial n.)

Actions: Primary flexor of the elbow

(Brachialis “hugs” the humerus; dual innervation from the musculocutaneous nerve and the radial nerve)

Front 12

Triceps Brachii Innervation and Actions

Back 12

(long, lateral, and medial heads)
Nerve: Radial Nerve

Actions:
Long head: Weak extensor and adductor of the shoulder
Long, lateral, and medial heads: Primary extensor of the elbow.

Front 13

Anconeus Innervation and Actions

Back 13

Nerve: Radial Nerve
Actions: Helps extend and stabilize the elbow.

Front 14

Name two Upper Limb Reflexes

Back 14

Biceps brachii tendon reflex (C5, C6)
Triceps brachii tendon reflex (C7, C8)

Front 15

Describe the Biceps Brachii Tendon Reflex

Back 15

(C5, C6)
Tapping the biceps tendon elicits flexion of the elbow.

Front 16

Describe the Triceps Brachii Tendon Reflex

Back 16

(C7, C8)
Tapping the triceps tendon elicits extension of the elbow.

Front 17

Describe the Axillary Nerve in the Arm

Back 17

(C5,6)
From posterior cord, thru quadrangular space, to deltoid and teres minor mm.; upper lateral cutaneous n.

Front 18

Describe the Musculocutaneous Nerve in the Arm

Back 18

(C5-7)
From lateral cord, to coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis mm.; becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.

Front 19

Describe the Median Nerve in the Arm

Back 19

(C6-T1)
From lateral and medial cords, to anterior forearm and hand.

Front 20

Describe the Ulnar Nerve in the Arm

Back 20

(C8,T1)
From medial cord, to anterior forearm and hand.

Front 21

Describe the Radial Nerve in the Arm

Back 21

(C5-8,T1)
From posterior cord, to posterior arm and forearm; lower lateral, posterior brachial, and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nn.

Front 22

Describe the Brachial Artery Branches in the Arm

Back 22

Profunda Brachii Artery (deep brachial artery in radial groove): To posterior arm, and anterior and posterior lateral elbow

Superior and Inferior Ulnar Collateral Arteries: To anterior and posterior medial elbow

Front 23

Describe the Superficial Veins of the Arm

Back 23

Cephalic vein: Drains to axillary vein

Basilic vein: Merges with brachial veins to form axillary vein

Median cubital vein: Connects Basilic and Cephalic in the cubital fossa

Front 24

Describe the Deep Veins of the Arm

Back 24

Brachial veins (venae comitantes)
Merge with basilic vein to form axillary vein

Front 25

List the Superficial Structures of the Cubital Region

Back 25

Bicipital aponeurosis

Superficial veins

Cutaneous nerves

Front 26

Describe the Bicipital Aponeurosis in the Cubital Region

Back 26

blends with antebrachial fascia medially

Front 27

List the Superficial Veins in the Cubital Region

Back 27

Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Median cubital v.

Front 28

List the Cutaneous nerves in the Cubital Region

Back 28

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.

Front 29

Describe Two Variations of Cubital Veins

Back 29

Median Cubital Vein
OR

Median cephalic vein
Median basilic vein
Median vein of the forearm

Front 30

Name the borders of the Cubital Fossa

Back 30

Base: Line between lateral and medial epicondyles
Medial border: Pronator teres m.
Lateral border: Brachioradialis m.
Roof: Antebrachial fascial and bicipital aponeurosis
Floor: Brachialis and supinator mm.

Front 31

Name the contents of the Cubital Fossa, medial to lateral

Back 31

1. Median nerve
2. Brachial artery (Ulnar artery, Radial artery)
3. Biceps tendon
4. Radial nerve (Deep branch, Superficial branch)

Front 32

Elbow Joint Type:

Back 32

Hinge synovial joint

Front 33

Elbow Joint Articulations

Back 33

Capitulum of humerus with head of the radius

Trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of the ulna

Front 34

Describe the Elbow Joint

Back 34

Articular fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane; attached to humerus superiorly, ulna and anular ligament inferiorly.
Synovial cavity containing synovial fluid.
Hyaline cartilage on articulating surfaces.

Front 35

Describe Triceps Bursa

Back 35

(deep olecranon bursa): Between triceps brachii tendon and olecranon.

Front 36

Describe Olecranon Bursa

Back 36

(superficial olecranon bursa): Between skin and olecranon.

Front 37

Describe Elbow (Olecranon) Bursitis

Back 37

"student's elbow"
affects the olecranon bursa located between the skin and olecranon process of the elbow.
This results from repeated pressure on the point of the elbow, such as leaning on a hard surface, as on a table or desk, for a long time.

Front 38

Describe Ligaments in the Elbow joint

Back 38

Radial (Lateral) Collateral Ligament: Blends with anular ligament

Ulnar (Medial) Collateral Ligament:
Anterior cord-like band
Posterior fan-like band
Oblique (transverse) band

Front 39

Two Types of Elbow Anastmoses:

Back 39

Medial and Lateral

Front 40

Name the Medial Elbow Anastmoses:

Back 40

1. Superior ulnar collateral artery with the posterior ulnar recurrent artery

2. Inferior ulnar collateral artery with the anterior ulnar recurrent artery

Front 41

Name the Lateral Elbow Anastmoses

Back 41

1. Middle collateral Artery with the Interosseous recurrent Artery posteriorly

2. Radial collateral artery with the radial recurrent artery anteriorly

Front 42

Flexion Movements at the Elbow Joint:

Back 42

1. Brachialis
2. Biceps brachii
3. Brachioradialis (a lateral forearm muscle)
4. Pronator teres (an anterior forearm muscle)

Front 43

Extension Movements at the Elbow Joint:

Back 43

1. Triceps brachii
2. Anconeus

Front 44

Describe Lateral Epicondylitis

Back 44

Tennis Elbow
Area of pain in extensors

Front 45

Describe Medial Epicondylitis

Back 45

Golfers Elbow
Area of pain in flexors