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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Soul
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Aristotle defined the soul (or the psyche) as the first actuality of a naturally organized body, and argued against it having a separate existence from the physical body. For Aristotle, the primary activity or full actualization of a living thing is it's soul. |
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Three Parts of the soul
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1) the logos (mind or reason) 2) the thymos (emotion or spititedness) 3) the eros (appetitive or desire) Only the logos is immortal |
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Soul as a Form
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- Soul is the form and shape of the body. The soul is not a substance like matter because matter can be given a form and be many different things but the thing that gives matter its shape and function is it's form. - The soul cannot be separated from the body, in the same way a form and shape of a statue cannot be separated from what it is made of. |
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Aristotle's 3 examples:
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1 - uses the example of an imprint in wax to suggest that the soul and the body cannot be separated, just like the imprint cannot be separated from the wax. 2 - gives example of an axe, if the ace was living it's body would be the handle and the axe it's head but it's form would be what makes it an axe (eg- shape of an axe and ability to chop) 3 - suggests that if the body was an eye the soul would be it's ability to see |
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Hierarchy of the soul:
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Aristotle proposed three levels of natural beings: plants, animals and people. For each he identified three levels of soul or biological activity: - the nutritive activity of growth and reproduction, which is shared by all life. - the self-willed notive activity and sensory faculties, which only humans and animals have in common. - reason, which only humans are capable of. |
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The Soul and The 4 Causes
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- states soul is the efficient cause of the body (causes movement and life) and it is the formal and final cause of the body (it gives form to the matter of the body and it causes growth and development in the body)
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Does the soul survive after Death?
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- the soul does not survive after death because the form of the body is inseparable from the body.
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