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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aristotle
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student fo plato. wrote metaphysics-->beyond physical, what cannot be observed by the senses.
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practical knowledge
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knowledge of how to do something. based on perception and experience.
instrumental good. |
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scientific knowledge
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knowledge that explains what things are, how they work, and what is their purpose, wisdom, not science like we mean today, more like philosophy. highest form is metaphysics. intrinsic good.
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being qua being
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study of the universal causes possessed by all things that exist, by all being
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properties of aristotles scientific knowledge.
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1. abstract knowledge-less concerned with the unique features of particular objects and more concerned with the properties that all objects ahve in common with others.
2. universal-true of all individuals of the type in question. 3. knowledge of the causes-to understand something is to know what caused it. |
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aristotles 4 causes
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1. what is it made from? Material CAuse
2. what is its form or essence? Formal Cause 3. What produced it? Efficient cause 4. for what purpose? Final Cause |
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teleogical view
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telos=aim, purpose, goal, function, end, reason for being, formal looking.
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mechanistic view
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involves causality. backward looking
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nature
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teleology or a system of objects behaving with mutually compatible purpose
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universals
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a universal word/term is one which si to be predicated of many. a particular word/term is one which is predicable only of a single subject term which is taken as the name fo one individual.
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token/type distinction
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tokens=particulars. types=universals.
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universal terms
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common nouns, common adjectives, some verbs.
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three main theories fo what universals are
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realism (plato, refer to Real Form objects) and conceptualism (aristotle)nominalism
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disagreements with plato and aristotle
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aristotle disagreed with the existence of the realm fo forms independent f the realm of particulars because: 1. the separation of these realms leads to an other-worldliness. 2. according to plato, the Forms are motionless and changeless. if the particularthings in the visible world are copies fo the Forms, why arent they motionless and changeless too.
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aristotle says
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you take away the differences of objects and pull forth similarities (concepts)
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agent intellect
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the power of our mind to form such concepts
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passive intellect
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power of our minds to posses or store such concepts
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two objections to conceptualism
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1. how can you call your concept real if you dont have anything to apply it to. 2. how can we ever figure out what things have in common without already having a concept?
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