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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four causes?
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The Material Cause, The Efficient Cause, The Formal Cause and The Final Cause.
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What is the Material Cause?
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The things out of which an object is created, e.g. the bricks, mortar, wood, glass etc that the house is made of.
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What is the Efficient Cause?
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The way in which an object is created, e.g. the process of digging and laying the foundations, completing the brickwork and roofing etc of a house.
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What is the Formal Cause?
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The expression, idea or plan that led to the creation of an object, e.g. the architect's plan of a house.
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What is the Final Cause?
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the aim for which an object is created, e.g. the desire to make somewhere for people to live.
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Aristotle believed that there were three types of substance.
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1. Substances which are evident but will decay and/or die, e.g. plant or animal.
2. substances which are evident but will not decay and/or die, e.g. time 3.Substances which are immune from any change, e.g. '2' will always be '2', it can never be anything else. |
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Aristotle's belief in the Forms.
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He believed Forms could not exist as things in themselves beyond this world but only as part of th things in the world. They are not objective universals.
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Aristotle believed that there was a "common source" of all substance...
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His argument:
1. there must be something that is not subject to change, decay and death, or the whole world would be subject to these things. 2. the whole world is not subecjt to these things, e.g. time wll not decay or die 3. Time can only be so if there is something in it that is not subject to change, decay and death. 4. There must be an eternal substance which is not subject to change, decay and death. |
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We can assume that potential means
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what is not but may come to be
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Aristotle's belief in change.
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If there is any change in the universe there must be something that initiated the change.
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Aristotle's belief of the Unmoved Mover.
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The final cause of everything, the Unmoved Mover is intelligence or thought.
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Aristotle believes that God..
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has no divine plan and does not know the world.
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Aristotle says that the Prime Mover must be...
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immune from processes of change itself and responsible for starting all processes. He claims the Prime Mover must be a "supreme object of desire", the best thing there could possibly be.
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We can draw parallels between the God of classical theism and Aristotle's Prime Mover as..
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the Prime Mover must have the very best life and have the very best characteristics.
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Aristotle's view of the body and soul differs from that of Plato
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Souls are part of living bodies and cannot live apart from a body. He believed that the body and soul are interdependent.
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Aristotle believed that emotions are..
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"affections of the soul". For example, anger causes a change in both emotions and a physical reaction in the body.
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Aristotle's understanding of the soul.
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The soul divided into two halves, the rational and the irrational.
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What does the rational half of the soul do?
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It is the calculative part (responsible for choosing things) and the scientific part (repsonsible for understanding facts and logic).
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What does the irrational half of the soul do?
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It is comprised of the desiderative part (responsible for our desires) and the vegetative part (responsible for identifying our needs).
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Aristotle describes the soul as...
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"the first principle of all living things"
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Aristotle believed that the eternal could be spatially represented in two ways.
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An infinite straight line or a perfect circle.
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What is the problem with the eternal being represented by an infinite straight line?
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it can only ever exist in theory.
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Circles can be excepted as eternal as...
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they have no beginning or end.
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Why does Aristotle reject the idea of eternity represented as a perfect circle?
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They are not representative of human thought, which start with a hypothesis, develop and then conclude.
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