Area Of Study 2

Front 1

Gregorian plainchant

Back 1

Vocal music - sung by the monks

Front 2

British folk music

Back 2

Early emotional music mainly sung by miners, farmers, sailors and villagers

Front 3

Serialism

Back 3

20th Century innovation using 12-tone note rows - sounds atonal

Front 4

Blues

Back 4

Music that developed from slavery

Front 5

Mode

Back 5

Early form of scale - mainly used in plainchant

Front 6

Pentatonic

Back 6

Scale used in British folk music

Front 7

Tone-row

Back 7

A series of 12 notes in order consisting of a mixture of sharps and flats

Front 8

Whole-tone

Back 8

The difference between these notes is always 1, there is a black note in between each note.

Front 9

Blue-note

Back 9

Extra notes added that are enharmonic within a selected key

Front 10

Q+A phrase

Back 10

Instruments suggest a musical idea and other players answer

Front 11

Anacrusis

Back 11

Is the upbeat to a piece of music - like jumping into a swimming pool

Front 12

Answering phrase

Back 12

Instruments would finish the phrase with some form of musical close

Front 13

Perfect cadence

Back 13

Chord V-I - a closed finished

Front 14

Plagal cadence

Back 14

IV-I "arh men"

Front 15

Interrupted cadence

Back 15

Chord V followed by a suprise chord

Front 16

Imperfect cadence

Back 16

The piece stops, but suggests that it will continue

Front 17

Modulation

Back 17

Change of key

Front 18

Tonic

Back 18

Gin and tonic - home key

Front 19

Dominant

Back 19

5th of the home key (+5)

Front 20

Relative minor

Back 20

Sounds sad (-3) from the tonic key

Front 21

Relative major

Back 21

Sound happy (+3) from the minor key

Front 22

Binary form

Back 22

2 sections - AB

Front 23

Ternary form

Back 23

3 sections - ABA

Front 24

Rondo

Back 24

Recurring sections - ABACAD

Front 25

Theme & variations

Back 25

Simple theme that is developed e.g. Frere Jacques

Front 26

da capo

Back 26

Repeat from the beginning

Front 27

Coda

Back 27

Ending of a piece of music

Front 28

Verse

Back 28

Section of a song that falls before a chorus

Front 29

Chorus

Back 29

The main part of a song that falls after a verse

Front 30

Intervals

Back 30

The difference between notes in a piece of music

Front 31

2nd

Back 31

e.g. C-D

Front 32

3rd

Back 32

e.g. C-E

Front 33

4th

Back 33

e.g. C-F

Front 34

5th

Back 34

e.g. C-G

Front 35

6th

Back 35

e.g. C-A

Front 36

7th

Back 36

e.g. C-B

Front 37

Octave

Back 37

e.g. from a low C to a high C (up 8 notes)

Front 38

Unison

Back 38

Parts moving together

Front 39

Tone

Back 39

e.g. from C to D - there is another note inbetween we call this a tone

Front 40

Semi-tone

Back 40

e.g. from C to C# - there is no other note inbetween we calle this a semi-tone

Front 41

Repetition

Back 41

repeating a musical idea or melody

Front 42

Inversion

Back 42

Rearranging the notes of a chord

Front 43

Ascending

Back 43

musical ideas going up

Front 44

Descending

Back 44

musical ideas going down

Front 45

Sequence

Back 45

Short pattern that ascends or descends

Front 46

Motive

Back 46

Short melodic or rhythmic idea

Front 47

Retrograde

Back 47

Playing an idea/tone-row backwards

Front 48

Imitation

Back 48

Copying another instrument/melody line

Front 49

Ornamentation

Back 49

How melody lines are decorated mainly in Renaissance and Baroque music

Front 50

Passing-note

Back 50

A note that falls between to other notes (normally outside of the key)

Front 51

Trill

Back 51

Fast oscillation between 2 notes (normally above the melody note)

Front 52

Turn

Back 52

Like a rollercoaster (you play a series of notes that surrounds the main note)

Front 53

Grace-note/appoggiatura

Back 53

Like a frog jumping acorss a lily pad - this note is a quick note that proceeds the main note

Front 54

Soprano

Back 54

High female voice

Front 55

Alto

Back 55

Low female voice

Front 56

Tenor

Back 56

High male voice

Front 57

Bass

Back 57

Low male voice

Front 58

Baroque orchestra

Back 58

Relatively small in size mainly strings led

Front 59

Classical orchestral

Back 59

Bigger than the Baroque orchestra

Front 60

String quartet

Back 60

4 string instruments normally violin, viola, cello and doublebass

Front 61

Continuo

Back 61

Mainly played by the harpsichord - plays chords/moving bass lines

Front 62

Choir

Back 62

A group of singers (can be mixed)

Front 63

Major scale

Back 63

Series of notes TT ST TTT ST

Front 64

Minor scale

Back 64

Series of notes TST TTST TT

Front 65

Pentatonic scale

Back 65

5 tones/notes

Front 66

Raga`

Back 66

Series of ordered notes using a mixture of white and black creates an eastern flavour