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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A method of purifying water wherein particles of matters that are suspended in the water are allowed to stay in a container so that they will settle in the bottom, then drawing the water out, leaving these matters in the container
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SEDIMENTATION
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Water is treated by giving to kill the harmful bacteria present and to cure the turbid taste or “mud taste”, remove clay, salts, iron, etc. commonly used treating liquids is chlorine.
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CHEMICAL TREATMENTS
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In various processes, so as to remove the particles of vegetable matter, mud and other particles of matter present in the water, most commonly used materials are sand and gravel.
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FILTRATION
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Raw water is made to pass on pipes of tiny sieves (strainers) and exposed to air of fine mist to purify it. This is called method
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AERATION
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A is water equipment used whenever the water supply at its natural pressure cannot be directly piped to a building, tank or reservoir
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PUMP
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Consist of a piston traveling up and down within a cylinder which is connected with a pipe extending down into the source. The piston and the bottom of the cylinder are each provided with a valve opening upward. Upon the piston’s upstroke, valve ‘A’ closes and valve ‘B’ opens. Upon the piston’s down stroke valve ‘A’ opens and ‘B’ closes.
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LIFT PUMP
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is used to deliver water at a point higher than the position of the pump itself. When the plunger (a piston) descends, valve ‘A’ is closed and water in the cylinder is forced out through valve ‘B’ and up to the storage. When the plunger is raised, valve ‘B’ is closed and ‘A’ open to admit water to the cylinder. [A pump that uses pressure to move liquid.
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FORCE PUMP
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This is a kind of pump attached to the end of deep well pipe enclosed in a casing where the pump is capable of functioning while submerged. CESSPOOL (SUMP) -underground container for waste matter: a covered underground tank or well for the collection of waste matter and water, especially sewage.
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SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
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A reservoir, tank or vessel for storing or holding water or other liquids.
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CISTERN TANK
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may be used either for the collection of water without consideration of pressure, or for storing water under air pressure or under a static head for future distribution by pneumatic or gravity means. Materials are PVC, G.I., reinforced concrete, stainless steel or plain steel.
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WATER TANK
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A is a tank constructed of riveted or welded steel plate; the larger tanks often being divided into two compartments. They should be large enough to contain at least one day’s supply for the entire building in case the city main is temporarily shut off. The pipe from the pump to the tank should be across connected to the city main so that the water may be pumped directly from the main in case of fire. These tanks are used so that the pneumatic tank or other pumps suck the water from this tank and not from the public main, so that it will not deprive the neighbors of water due to pressure.
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SUCTION TANK
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A tank using air pressure from a suction tank to distribute water for tall buildings which cannot be reached by normal pressure.
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PNEUMATIC TANK
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Water is distributed from the normal water pressure coming from the public water main, for low rise buildings
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UPFEED SYSTEM
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By gravity, water is distributed from overhead water tanks and is supported either by structural frames or on the roof decks. Fixtures are below the gravity tank. These elevated tanks are installed when normal water supply from main public service pipes is not frequent and when normal pressure from city main is not enough to force the water to the highest fixtures.
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DOWNFEED SYSTEM
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The pipe from the public water main or source of water supply to the building served is called
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SERVICING PIPE
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The vertical supply pipe which extends upward from one floor to the next is called a
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RISER
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and the horizontal pipes that serve the faucets are called
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BRANCHES
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refers to the public water system laid underground along the streets where the house service is connected.
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WATER MAIN
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One end is 0.30M and the other end is 0.90M long. This prevents the pipe from snapping (breaking?)when the soil settles.
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GOOSENECK
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A stop valve in a service pipe close to its connection with a water main
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CORPORATION COCK
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A G.I. fitting which is used when a pipe has already been installed but dismantling is difficult.
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BUSHING
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Excessive pressure produces a rumbling sound called the. This occurs when a valve is suddenly turned off and causes the water to stop, forcing the pipes to shake and to reduce this, an additional 0.30m to 0.90m length of pipe is added to the riser to give air pressure which absorb it.
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WATER HAMMER
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A kind of G.I. fitting that has one end external threads, while the other end has internal threads.
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STREET ELBOW or TEE
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To insure no leakage, a G.I. pipe when threaded has to use lead liquid or tape around the thread before tightening the fittings.
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TEFLON
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uPVC means:
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UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE pipe
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This consists of a wedge-shaped plug which is screwed down to seat between two brass rings surrounding the inlet pipe so that a double seal is obtained. The inlet and outlet are in a straight line. This valve is used when a normal fully open or closed position is desired. Either end may be used as inlet.
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GATE VALVES
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These valves are used when it is desired that the flow through a pipe be always in one direction and there is a possibility of a flow taking place in the opposite direction. One type has a pivoted flap which is readily pushed open by the pressure of water from one side but is tightly closed by the force of a reverse flow
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CHECK VALVES
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A material used as a covering, such as a pipe bigger than the main pipe of a deep well so that the main pipe can be pulled out for repair.
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CASING
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This is the vertical distance from the higher source of water or overhead tank to the outlet (faucets, shower head) and is distributed by gravity.
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OVERHEAD HEIGHT
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Subsurface conditions of ground water and rock must be known. Sites with subsurface which are about 1.80m to 2.40m below grade can cause problems with excavations, foundations, utility placement and landscaping. This is described as a level underground in which the soil is situated with water.
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WATER TABLE
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An opening or space to accommodate a group of pipes.
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PIPE CHASE
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with separate water reserve or up feed pumping are extremely valuable in any buildings but become highly essential in tall buildings. This system, intended for use by building personnel until the fire engines arrive and thereafter by the trained staff of the fire department
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STANDPIPES & HOSES
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2 Automatic systems consist of horizontal pattern of pipes placed near the ceilings of industrial buildings, warehouses, stores, theatres and other structures where the fire hazard requires their use. These pipes are provided with outlets and heads so constructed that temperatures of 55-70 degree Celsius will cause them to open automatically and emit a series of time water sprays.
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SPRINKLER
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A system of sprinklers with its pipes constantly filling both mains and distribution pipes.
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WET PIPE SYSTEM
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Generally confined to unheated buildings, there is no water in the distribution pipes except during a fire. Remote valves may be adequate by sensitive elements to admit water to sprinkler heads.
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DRY PIPE SYSTEM
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An inlet placed outside a building close to ground level, having two openings so that fire engines can pump water to the dry stand pipes and sprinkler system of the building.
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SIAMESE TWIN
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6 Sprinkler heads are the ‘quartzoid’ bulb type. The bulb is transparent and contains a colored liquid. At 360 degrees Fahrenheit, the bulb breaks and releases a water stream. One is called _________ when used above piping.
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UPRIGHT
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when used above piping when piping is exposed but when it is hidden inside ceilings that show only the bulb it is called _________
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PENDENT
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The portion of the plumbing system which conveys rainwater to a suitable terminal. This is usually discharged into a street gutter conveyed by a public system and carried to some drainage terminal such as lakes or rivers.
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STORM DRAIN
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When the soil is not permeable, and it touches a concrete or hollow block wall of a basement, rainwater will seep on it and may flood. The gravel is placed all around this wall 0.30m wide and about 0.30m below the basement floor rainwater from the gravel towards the drainage terminal.
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PERFORATED PIPE
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Water plus human waste, solid and liquid, urine that is flushed out of toilets and urinals
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BLACK WATER
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A vertical soil pipe containing fecal matter and liquid waste.
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SOIL STACK PIPE
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A pipe which conveys only liquid wastes free of fecal matter.
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WASTE PIPES
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A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals.
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VENT
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A metallic sleeve calked (to fill the gaps, to seal or to waterproof) or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.
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CLEAN OUT FERRULE
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A fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage of air, gas and materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it.
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TRAP
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The part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer. It should have a slope of at least ¼” to a foot or 6mm for every 300mmor 2%.
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HOUSE DRAIN
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A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained.
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UNDERGROUND PIT
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A vertical opening though a building for elevators, dumbwaiters, light, ventilation and others.
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SHAFT
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A sheet metal placed when concrete is poured to accommodate plumping pipes (through the hole made.
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SLEEVE
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lugging an opening around pipe joints with oakum (hemp soaked with oil) lead or other materials like epoxy adhesive on vinyl that are pounded place.
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CAULKING
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All horizontal piping shall run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of not less than 2% and shall be supported or anchored at intervals not exceeding 3.00M length (10 feet). All stacks shall be properly supported at their bases and all pipes are rigidly hundred (100 inches) length.
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GRADES OF HORIZONTAL PIPING
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This kind of trap must be installed wherever oily, lard contained wastes from hotels, restaurants, club houses or similar public eating places are discharged into the sewer or septic vault. Sand traps shall be placed as near as possible to the fixture from which it receives the discharge and shall have an air¬tight cover, easily removable to permit its cleaning.
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GREASES TRAP
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This is the vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir (an embankment or levee) built to hold water in its course or to divert it to a new course of a p-trap. Also it is the water in the trap between the dip and the crown weir to prevent unpleasant and odorous gases to enter the room through the fixtures.
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TRAP SEAL
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The result of a minus pressure in the drainage system. (Pressure is a force required to move gas or liquid) when a large amount of the trap (seal) is absolutely discharged. When the seal is lost, back flow of gases from the sewer line will pass into the trap, finds its way to the fixture drain outlet and spread into the room.
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SIPHONAGE
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Upon the completion of the entire water distribution system including connections to apprentices, devices, tanks, or fixtures, it shall be tested and inspected by means of.
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WATER & AIR TEST
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A receptacle or water tight vault used to collect organic waste discharge from the house sewer and designed and constructed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest the organic matter through a period of detention, and allow the effluent to discharge a storm drain.
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SEPTIC TANK
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A receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time to deposit ‘settleable’ materials.
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CATCH BASIN
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A public sanitary waste disposal system consisting of a treatment unit which conveys the raw waste to the disposal system
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PUBLIC SEWER MAIN
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4 A common way of disposing solids is by__________. This is a controlled burning of combustible waste. This can be an effective waste reduction method for 70 percent of all municipal wastes. If this is operated properly, it can reduce bulk by 90 to 95 percent. Ash left over is generally disposed off in a landfill.
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INCINERATION
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5 Another method of disposing municipal solid wastes is by dumping of refuse at a pre-planned site, compacted and covered with a layer of earth. This method is called a
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SANITARY LANDFILL
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6 When garbage from different floors of a high-rise building is disposed off from an opening and is directly led to the basement garbage bin. This is called the
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RUBBISH CHUTES
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This is a contraption inverted to dispose leftovers straight from the kitchen sink. Simply turn on the faucet, flick the power switch and place the leftovers such as bones, fruit pits, rotten vegetables, spoiled bones and washed down the drain pipes.
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GARBAGE DISPOSER
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8 After the ground preparation, a _______ should be laid out on the area enclosed for sanitary landfill. The main purpose is to prevent the seepage of leachate (dirty water, to cause liquid to percolate) deep down to the ground water strata. This consists of soil or composite material such as synthetic plastic or asphalt sheets.
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LINER
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A method of landfill wherein a tractor digs a trench with a bulldozer blade and trucks dump the refuse to it. Then the tractor compacts the refuse thoroughly and covers it with earth that was dug up earlier. This method is primarily used on ground level.
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TRENCH METHOD
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This method of landfill is generally used on rolling terrain where the existing slope of the land can be used as a basin. In this method, trucks deposit refuse over the selected area. Huge, heavy tractors with special compacting wheels press down the refuse. Then the refuse is covered with earth hauled in from elsewhere.
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AREA METHOD
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11.Collection of human wastes is done by elaborate systems to carry most liquid sewage to ______________ , where the sewage undergoes a series of treatment steps to remove polluting materials, biological and chemical contaminants that can harm human health or ecological systems.
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WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
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A fixture that appears like a water closet, since a person sits down on it. But it is designed as a combination lavatory which can plug the drain and collect hot & cold water, with an inverted water sprayer to clear the most delicate and well-guarded parts of the body.
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BIDET
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What determines the size of a leaching field?
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PERCOLATION TEST
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2 What is an important concern in private water supply?
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? HARDNESS.
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3 What part of water supply design is affected by building height?
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STATIC HEAD
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Which statements about drainage are correct?
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Vents help prevent the drainage of water from traps
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Water hammer most often occurs when:
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WATER SUDDENLY STOPS WHEN FLOW IS TURNED OFF.
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One component of a plumbing system that every building has is a
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STACK VENT
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