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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the approximate Span limit for a Waffle Slab |
Without Pre-stressing 40' |
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what are the typical short direction spans for a one-way reinforced concrete slab |
10', 12', 14' 16' |
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According to ACI 318 what is the minimum thickness of a one-way, simply-supported reinforced concrete slab with a span L |
L/20 |
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According to ACI 318 what is the minimum thickness of a cantilevered reinforced concrete slab with a span L |
L/10 |
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Aggregates generally represent what percentage of concrete volume? |
60%-75% |
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Name the 5 concrete types. |
I - (General Purpose) |
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What is balanced steel ratio as applied to reinforced concrete? |
Reinforcement ratio that would result in a sumultaneous yield of steel and crush of concrete. |
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Minimum thickness for concrete slab, residential |
4" |
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According to ACI 318 what is the maximum spacing of the main reinforecment to resist bending moment? |
3 times the slab thickness or 18", whichever is smaller. |
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Stirrups are placed to help resist... |
Shear. |
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what is the general distance of reinforcement bar spacing in a reinforced brick masonry wall? |
both vertical and horizontal bar are typically spaced 18" - 36" |
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Generally what is the minimum safety factor to consider to resist sliding in a retaining wall? |
1.5 |
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Minimum thickness for concrete slab, residential |
4" |
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According to ACI 318 what is the maximum spacing of the main reinforecment to resist bending moment? |
3 times the slab thickness or 18", whichever is smaller. |
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Stirrups are placed to help resist... |
Shear. |
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what is the general distance of reinforcement bar spacing in a reinforced brick masonry wall? |
both vertical and horizontal bar are typically spaced 18" - 36" |
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Generall what is the minimum safety factor to consider to resist sliding in a retaining wall? |
1.5 |
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Generally what is the minimum safety factor to consider to resist overturning in a retaining wall? |
2.0 |
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How do you find circumfrence |
C=2*pi*r |
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A revolving cup anenometer measures... |
measures wind by measuring the time it takes a 1 mile column of air to pass by it. |
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According to ASCE 7, when providing for accidental torsion, the mass at each level of building is assumed to be displaced in each direction a distance equal to... |
5% at that level perpendicular to the direction of force. |
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To prevent deflection, building code limit the span to depth ratio of a plywood diaphragm to |
4:1 |
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The Saffir-Simpson scale classifies... |
Hurricane wind speed. |
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Complex wind calculations and wind tunnel testing are required if buildings... |
Exceed 400' |
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Maximum drift of a building should be limited to... |
1/500 of buildings height |
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Gradient height is... |
The height at which ground friction and other obstructions no longer reduce wind speed. |
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What is the strength reduction factor for spirally columns vs. tied columns? |
Spiral = .75 |
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What is the appoximate percentage of structural costs for different types of buildings? |
Commercial or Office = 25% |
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What are the maximum deflection limits for sawn wood members? |
L/360 for live load only and L/240 for live load plus dead load. |
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How to find the allowable load on a fillet weld... |
.707x(size of weld)x(Allowable Electrode Stress) |
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At what angle of load to grain do wood fasteners have the greatest strength? |
The answer is 0 degrees. Wood fasteners are strongest when the load is parallel to the grain (0 to grain). |
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What is bridging between joists used for? |
- To help reduce concentrated loads |
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As a rule of thumb, the minumum distance between piles is |
3 diameters center to center |
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The pressure exerted by retained earth against a retaining wall is called |
Active Pressure |
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What is the formula for calculating the direct wind pressure on a vertical surface? |
P-psf = 0.00256v(sq) |
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wood I Joists can typically span... |
up to 45 feet |
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Characteristics of a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)... |
A Moment resisting frame that is specially detailed to provide ductile behavior. |
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Characteristics of an Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF)... |
Fewer restrictive requirements than a SMRF. Cannot be used in SDC D, E, or F however steel IMRF up to 35' can be used in D |
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Characteristics of a Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF)... |
Steel or concrete frame which does not meet the special detailing requirment for ductile behavior. Ordinary Steel frames can only be used in SDC A, B, C while Ordinary concrete frames can only be used in A or B |
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In a dual system, the moment resisting frame must be capable of resisting at least ___% of base shear... |
25% |
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Moment of Inertia is a measure of the.... |
Stiffness of a beam, that is, its resistance to deflection |
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Section modulus is a measure of... |
bending or flexural strength of a beam |
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modulus of elasticity determines... |
the stiffness of a material, or its resistance to deformation |
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The maximum slenderness ratio permitted is... |
200 |
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What is the safety factor for flexure? |
1.67 |
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the roof live load for an ordinary flat, pitched, or curved roof before reduction... |
20 psf. |
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In addition to the consideration of direct wind pressure on building surface, model building codes require consideration of... |
a roof uplift force of approx. 50-75% of lateral pressure. |
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The code requires the use of a Strong Motion Accelerograph in... |
buildings in SDC D, E, F over 6 stores with aggregate floor area of 60,000sf or more and all buildings over 10 stories. |
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Name the 5 vertical Structural Irregularities |
1a - Stiffeness Irregularity - Soft Story |
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Name the 5 Plan Structural Irregularities |
1a - Torsional Irregularity |
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Vertical Structural Irregularity 1a |
Soft Story- |
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Vertical Structural Irregularity 1b |
Extreme Soft Story - |
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Vertical Structural Irregularity 2 |
Weight (mass) Irregularity - |
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Vertical Structural Irregularity 3 |
Vertical Geometric Irregularity - |
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Vertical Structural Irregularity 4 |
In-Plane Discontinuity in vertical lateral force resisting elements - |
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Vertical Structural Irregularity 5 |
Discontinuity in Capacity , Weak Story - |
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Plan Structural Irregularity 1a |
Torsional Irregularity - |
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Plan Structural Irregularity 1b |
Torsional Irregularity - |
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Plan Structural Irregularity 2 |
Reentrant Corners - |
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Plan Structural Irregularity 3 |
Diaphragm Discontinuity - |
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Plan Structural Irregularity 4 |
Out of plane Offsets - |
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Plan Structural Irregularity 5 |
Non-Parallel systems - |
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What is the minumum size of columns in heavy timber construction |
8x8 |
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What was the largest earthquake ever recorded? |
9.5 |
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What was the magnitude of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake? |
8.3 |
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What was the magnitude of the 1933 Japan earthquake? |
8.9 |
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What was the magnitude of the 1995 Kobe Japan earthquake? |
6.9 |
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SDC A corepsponds to... |
Buildings in areas where ground shaking is minor |
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SDC B corepsponds to... |
Buildings in Occupancy categories I, II, III where moderatly destructive ground shaking is expected. |
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SDC C corepsponds to... |
Buildings in occupancy category IV, in areas where moderatly destructive ground shaking is expected, and buildings in occupancy I, II, III in areas where somewhat more severe ground shaking is expected. |
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SDC D corepsponds to... |
Buildings in areas expected to experience severe and destructive ground shaking but not located close to a major fault line |
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SDC E corepsponds to... |
Buildings of occupancy I, II, III in areas located near major active faults |
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SDC F corepsponds to... |
Buildings of occupancy category IV near major active faults |
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Name 2 buildings equipped with base isolators |
International terminal San Francisco Airport |
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Name 2 buildings equipped with tuned mass dampers |
Citicorp bldg - NYC |
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What is the max depth/span for the 3 types of Open Web Joists? |
K = 30" depth 60' span |
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What is the maximum spacing of lateral ties in a reinforced column? |
The lesser of the following |
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The minimum slab thickness for a cantilever slab is... |
L/10 |