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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LV mass (weight) remains normal in?
a) ar b) as c) mr d) ms |
ms
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What false positive can high angulation of mmode transducer beam result in?
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pseudo bicuspid aortic valve
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What is the primary effect of long-standing ar?
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decreased ef
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Is this spectral trace MS or AI?
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AI because it's high velocity (4 m/sec)
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What does RVSP equal?
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PAP
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Describe Lambl's Excrescences
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thin filiform strands on edges of valve leaflets
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What causes a pericardial knock?
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abrupt cessation of early diastolic inflow
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When do you hear pericardial knock?
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in constrictive pericarditis
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What often accompanies bicuspid av and how often?
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coarc
50% |
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When is MV pressure half time not accurate?
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after balloon valvuloplasty
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Given TR and RA pressures, what can you calculate?
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RVSP
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If patient has diliated LV and thin septum, what is going on?
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severe MR
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What is best way to determine severity of MR?
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pulmonary venous flow
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Name two layers of pericardium
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visceral and parietal
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Which cardiac pathology affects the valves?
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carcinoid
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Which pericardial layer is serous?
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visceral or epicardial
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Cardiac tamponade is rapid filling of fluid with causing ________
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restrictive diastolic filling
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In A4, there is a dropout in the IAS -what might this be?
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ASD
or normal dropout in that view |
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Kids with Tuberous Sclerosis have what tumors?
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rhabomyomas
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Peripheral contrast is not useful in asd, ai, tr or vsd?
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ai
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Which view shows the coronary sinus in long axis?
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A4 with posterior angulation
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What is the valve of the IVC?
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eustachian
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What is meant by automaticity?
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ability to initiate electric impulse
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What does amyl nitrite to do HR?
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increases
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What is the difference between a pacer wire and a catheter?
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pace wire goes to the apex. central lines stay in the atrium
swan ganz catheters usually do not go to the apex |
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Why are right and left CA's called that?
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because the left feeds the left side and the right the right
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Why are the AV leaflets called what they are?
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because the correllate to the CA's
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Where does the LAD originate?
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Anterior interventricular sulcus
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A systolic rumble might be as, ms, ai, tr, or mr?
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tr
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What is the arrow pointing to?
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superimposed respiratory tracing
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What do you do first for an apneic patient after giving sedation?
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check airway
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Why do IVC sniff test?
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check for elevated RA pressure
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What direction shunt causes cyanosis?
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right to left
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What is a pressure drop
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same as a gradient across valves
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In the cath lab, which formula is used for valve areas?
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Gorlin
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MV inflow velocity should not be affected by age, gender, HR, or preload
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gender
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Which valve is most likely to have regurg?
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TV
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What are four causes of acute MR?
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endocarditis
ruptured chordae pap muscle dysfunct prosthetic valve dysfunct |
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What what disease should you NOT rely on mmode for LV EF?
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apical infarc
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An MI of inferior wall involves which CA?
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RCA
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Which CA supplies LV apex?
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lad
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What percent of normals have PFO?
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20-30%
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What 2d finding would you see with PLSVC?
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dilated coronary sinus
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What causes pre-systolic opening of AV?
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elevated LVEDP
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Patients with ankylosing spondylitis may develop ms, as, mr, ar
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ar
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What is kyphosis?
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exaggerated anterior spinal curvature
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Why is it important to know cardiologically speaking?
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because it can compress the PA causing PHTN
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What is Uhls anomaly
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congenital absent RV myocardium or parchment heart
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What can Uhls's anomaly be confused with ?
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Ebsteins
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When can contrast dissipate too quickly low mi, high mi, low freq, high freq
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high mi
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Name three heart muscle layers
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1. epicardium - thin outer layer
2. myocardium - mid wall (thickest) 3. endocardium - inside |
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What is the normal amount of pericardial fluid
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40 cc
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All of the following may cause jugular distension except
1.tamponade 2. PHTN 3. TS 4. hpovolemia 5. constrictive pericarditis |
hypovolemia
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What is ventricle is most likely to be affected by cor pulmonale and how
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rv enlarges
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How many weeks before fetal heart develops
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6
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enlarged heart on chest xray could be all of the following except
a. pericardial effusion b. pleural effusion c. as d. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
pleural effusion
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Which embryonic aortic arch develops into the transverse arch
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fourth
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What is persistent fetal circulation
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phtn with right to left shunting across pfo and pda
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Are right-sided pressures elevated with valsalva
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during strain phase - no
during release - yes |
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What kind of murmur with vsd
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harsh holosystolic
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Which clinical finding is associated with friction rub
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pericardial effusion
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AR starts at beginning/end of IVCT/IVRT
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beginning of IVRT
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BiPlane Simpson rule is used for calculating
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ef
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What causes a left parasternal friction rub
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pericarditis
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In a4, where might you see reverberation artifact
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apex
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Is QRS depolarization or repolarization
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depolarization
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Where are most fibroelastomas
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on valves
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fibroelastomas are described as
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frond like
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What might you see with scleroderma
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phtn or pericardial effusion
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On mmode, which things may be confused with pericardial effusion (3)
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DAO
calcified mitral annulus ascites |
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How many years should echos be kept
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7
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Will an ascending ao dissection cause mr
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no not severe maybe mild
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