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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is social complexity? |
Socioeconomic inequalities: Some people have more wealth and power than others. Also, wealth inherited rather than earned |
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In what order did civilizations develop? |
Hunter gatherer, Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, Early States |
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What are some aspects of Bands? |
Population less than 100 Temporary Architecture Egalitarian Hunter gatherers |
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What are some aspects of Tribes? |
Population up to a few thousand Less egalitarian Some permanent architecture Farming |
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What are some aspects of Chiefdoms? |
Population 5 - 20 thousand Large scale monuments Kinship based on hereditary leader Fortified centre and ritual centres |
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What are some aspects of Early States? |
Population over 20 thousand Palaces, temples, public buildings Urban centre, roads and towns Centralized bureaucracy and taxes Class based hierarchy |
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Can hunter gatherers have complex societies? |
Was long believed no. However recent understanding is that this is not true. |
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When did megalithic monuments appear? Where? What do they suggest? |
6K years ago Europe Shift from communal orientation to acceptance of individual high status |
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Passage graves? Re used? |
Chamber under round mound Re used |
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Gallery graves? Re used? |
Rectangle chamber under rectangular mound. Re used |
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Dolmens ? Reused? |
Smaller, not covered by mound. Not re used |
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What are Menhirs? |
Single standing stones |
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Where is Stonehenge? When was it constructed? |
Salisbury Plains, England From 5k to 3.5k years ago |
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Describe Stonehenge Sequence One. When? |
Earthwork circle dug. 5k years ago |
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Describe Stonehenge Sequence Two. When |
Earthwork circle filled. Wooden construction in centre Burials begin to be present 5k to 4.5k years ago |
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Describe Stonehenge Sequence Three. When? |
Stonehenge monument built. 4.5 - 3.5k years ago |
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Describe Stonehenge Sequence 3a |
Bluestones at centre are brought from Wales |
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Describe Stonehenge Sequence 3b |
Sarson circle built around Stonehenge Trilithons placed inside circle |
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Describe Stonehenge Sequence 3c-f |
Rearranging of bluestones and digging holes |
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What are the Durrington Walls? |
Series of houses that may have been part of a large village near stonehenge |
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Was stonehenge an isolated monument? |
No |
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What is the meaning of stonehenge? |
No single meaning, used by over 80 generations |
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What is the earliest occupation of the NW coast? |
14K years ago |
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Where are the earliest sites in the NW coast? What does this suggest? |
Right on the coast. Suggests that they were island hopping |
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What is Namu? When? |
Early NW coast site. 10.6K years ago Maritime culture already developed prior to arrival
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What is the distinctive burial pattern on the NW coast south of Namu? |
Tightly flexed position |
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When do early cultures appear on the NW coast? |
4k years ago |
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What different kinds of blades were there between North coast and South coast? |
North: Micro blades South: Leaf shaped points |
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When did cedar trees come into abundance on the West Coast? What does this reveal? |
Not until 5k years ago. It shows that cultures before this are very different than present demographic as Cedar is now a major component of northwest cultures |
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What were the three levels of people in Northwest coast societies? |
Nobles, Commoners, Slaves |
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What are "Potlatches" |
Competitive feasting to show power through wealth |
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When was the St. Mungo Phase? Where? |
4.5 - 3 thousand years ago Around lower mainland (crescent beach) |
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When does developing complexity begin on the NW coast? |
Start of Locarno Beach phase. 3.5 K years ago |
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When was the Locarno Beach Phase? Where? What are some features? |
3.5 - 2.5 thousand years ago Southwestern BC, islands and Washington state Structures and grave goods present |
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What is strong evidence of ascribed social status? |
Sub adult wealthy burials |
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When was the Marpole Phase? What are some features? |
2.5 - 1.5k years ago Large multi family houses First phase to represent present ethnographic First definite sign of social complexity |
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When was the Gulf Of Georgia Phase? What is one important feature? |
1.5k years ago until European contact Fortified sites appear, suggesting hostile environment |
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What are clam gardens? |
Altered tidal areas to increase clam production |
