Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the word for all of the materials, artifacts, and ecofacts collected from a site and representing all of the evidence of the activities at a site?
|
assemblage
|
|
|
What is the word for a descriptive aspect of an artifact or site such as its size, content, material, or shape?
|
attribute
|
|
|
What is the word for changes in organic material that took place before death; generally used to refer to human remains?
|
antemortem
|
|
|
What is the word for the bones of the arms hands legs or feet?
|
Appendicular skeleton
|
|
|
What is the word for the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and sternum (breastbone), the bones of the shoulder girdles, and the pelvic girdle?
|
Axial skeleton
|
|
|
What is the word for the general description of the development of domestication and the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture?
|
agricultural revolution
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique that uses the known ages of certain index fossils from one region to estimate the age of those same fossils in another region?
|
biostratigraphy
|
|
|
What is the word for the analysis of past people and their individual lives by studying and interpreting their mortal remains?
|
bioarchaeology
|
|
|
What is the word for the placement of materials into categories that can be used for identification and comparison?
|
classification
|
|
|
What is the word for a description and dated sequence of material?
|
chronology
|
|
|
What is the word for burned human remains?
|
Cremains
|
|
|
What is the word for a measurement of the max. number of individuals of a particular species that can be supported within a specific place for a specific time?
|
carrying capacity
|
|
|
What is the word for the study of the cultural aspects of human interaction with the environment?
|
cultural ecology
|
|
|
What is the word for the recovery of deoxyribonucleic acid from archaeological specimends, replicated by polymerase change reactoin, then the sequence of genes is read and the hereditary relationships between populations is determined?
|
DNA analysis
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique in which the tree rings of a certain archaeological specimen is matched to a master ring plot to determine the age of the specimen?
|
Dendronchronology
|
|
|
What is the word for a process by which organisms or landscapes are "controlled"?
|
domestication
|
|
|
What is the word for the process of fusion of the ends of the long bones to the shaft of the bones, generally by the late teens of early twenties?
|
epiphyseal fusion
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique that uses microwave energy to measure residual energy trapped in archaeological materials, thus enabling an estimate of their age?
|
electron spin resonance
|
|
|
What is the word for an area where the abiotic and biotic components are tied together in a system?
|
ecosystem
|
|
|
What is the word for the intersection of and transition between two ecozones, its usually more productive than either ecozone?
|
ecotone
|
|
|
What is the word for an area define by biotic communities or geographic criteria?
|
Ecozone (short for environmental zone)
|
|
|
What is the word for biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) systems interacting within a bounded geographic unit?
|
environment
|
|
|
What is the word for the process of making flaked stone tools?
|
flintknapping
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique using the quantities of fluorine uranium and nitrogen to measure relative age in bone?
|
FUN analysis
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique in which the damage (tracks) resulting from the decay of 238U can be counted and used to estimate the age of the material?
|
fission track dating
|
|
|
What is the word for a theory of the development of agriculture that suggest that the loss of many species at the end of the Pleistocene created a food crisis, forcing people to depend more heavily on remaining species and eventually leading to domestication and agriculture?
|
food crisis theory
|
|
|
What is the word for the study of the relationship between geology and geological processes and archaeological interpretation?
|
geoarchaeology
|
|
|
What is the word for the study of landforms and how they change over time?
|
geomorphology
|
|
|
What is the word for the time it takes for one-half of the total amount of a given radioactive sample to decay?
|
half-life
|
|
|
What is the word for thin, bony, horizontal lines representing periods of arrested growth seen in the radiographs of long bones of individuals who experienced nutritional stress during their childhood or adolescence?
|
harris lines
|
|
|
What is the name of the theory of the development of agriculture that suggests that people began to exploit the native grasses, such as wheat, that thrived along the hilly flanks of the Tigris-Euphrates River Vally, eventually domesticating them?
|
hilly flanks theory
|
|
|
What is the word for a specific species whos mere presence can be used to date strata because their age is known?
|
index fossils
|
|
|
What is the word for the process of drying out a body so that it is preserved, sometimes occurring naturally and sometimes a purposeful procedure?
|
mummification
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique that measures the amount of water penetration into the surface of a break to estimate how long ago the piece was broken?
|
obsidian hydration analysis
|
|
|
What is the word for the process by which cartilage takes on calcium phosphate, which hardens the cartilage to bone?
|
ossification
|
|
|
What is the word for the information about an individuals appearance, health, age at death, cause of death, and orher characteristics derived from an analysis of the skeleton?
|
osteobiography
|
|
|
What is the word for the study of bones?
|
osteology
|
|
|
What is the word for a theory of the development of agriculture that suggests that at the end of pleistocene, the environment changed, forcing people into close association with certain plants and animals leading to domestication and agriculture?
|
oasis theory
|
|
|
What is the word for a model based on the premise that people will attempt to maximize their net efficiency and minimize their risk?
|
optimization model
|
|
|
What is the name of the theory of the development of agriculture that suggests that people began to exploit the native grasses, such as wheat, that thrived along the hilly flanks of the Tigris-Euphrates River Vally, eventually domesticating them?
|
hilly flanks theory
|
|
|
What is the word for a specific species whos mere presence can be used to date strata because their age is known?
|
index fossils
|
|
|
Look up Morphology
|
morphology
|
|
|
What is the word for the process of drying out a body so that it is preserved, sometimes occurring naturally and sometimes a purposeful procedure?
|
mummification
|
|
|
What is the word for a dating technique that measures the amount of water penetration into the surface of a break to estimate how long ago the piece was broken?
|
obsidian hydration analysis
|
|
|
What is the word for the process by which cartilage takes on calcium phosphate, which hardens the cartilage to bone?
|
ossification
|
|
|
What is the word for the information about an individuals appearance, health, age at death, cause of death, and orher characteristics derived from an analysis of the skeleton?
|
osteobiography
|
|
|
What is the word for the study of bones?
|
osteology
|
|
|
What is the word for a theory of the development of agriculture that suggests that at the end of pleistocene, the environment changed, forcing people into close association with certain plants and animals leading to domestication and agriculture?
|
oasis theory
|
|
|
What is the word for a model based on the premise that people will attempt to maximize their net efficiency and minimize their risk?
|
optimization model
|
|
|
What is the word for the chemical recovery and identification of plant or animal proteins surviving on tools, in paleofeces, or in soils?
|
Protein residue analysis
|
|
|
What is a particular and distinctive form of an object or the way in which something is made?
|
style
|
|
|
What is the word for artifacts of known age that can be used to date associated materials or activities?
|
Temporal types
|
|
|
What is the word for the classification of materials into categories based on morphology?
|
Typology
|
|
|
What is the word for examining the wear patterns- microscopic striations and polish- on the surface of tools to determine what the tools were used on?
|
use-wear analysis
|
|
|
What is the word for a radiometric dating technique in which radioactive potassium decays to argon at a known rate, good from about 100,000 to 4.6 billion years ago?
|
potassium argon dating
|
|
|
What is the word for a chronometric dating method in which the amount of radiocarbon within an organic sample is measured and used to determine how long ago the specimen died?
|
radiocarbon dating
|
|
|
What is the word for a relative dating technique that plots specific changes in the frequencies of certain artifact styles over time to gauge their popularity at any point in the past, thus placing them in a sequence relative to each other?
|
seriation
|
|
|
What is the word for a technique in which the energy trapped within the structure of certain minerals can be released, measured and used to estimate the age of the specimen; commonly used to date pottery and burned clay features?
|
thermoluminescence dating
|
|
|
what is the word for a chronology (stone, bronze, iron age) developed for western Europe in the early nineteenth century?
|
three-age stystem
|
|
|
What is the word for the study of prehistoric populations including their number distribution density sex and age structure mortality and fertility?
|
paleodemography
|
|
|
waht is the word for changes in organic material that took place after death?
|
postmortem
|
|
|
what is thee word for past climate?
|
paleoclimate
|
|
|
What's the word for the study of the environment of the prehistoric past?
|
paleoenvironment
|
|
|
What's the word for a burial exhumed from its original location and reburied elsewhere, such as in an ossuary?
|
secondary burial
|
|
|
What's the word for the age of a person calculated from measurements of the skeleton, such as the extent of epiphyseal fusion?
|
skeletal age
|
|
|
What's the word for the sex of a person calculated from measurements of the skeleton, such as the size of the opening in the pelvic girdle?
|
skeletal sex
|
|
|
What's the word for the stature of a person calculated from measurements of the skeleton, such as the length of the long bones?
|
skeletal stature
|
|
|
What's the word for cutting a hole into the skull of an individual while the person is still alive?
|
trephining
|
|
|
____ permitted the mass production of durable metal objects of standardized manufacture and stimulated the rise of the ancient civilizations.
|
Casting permitted the mass production of durable metal objects of standardized manufacture and stimulated the rise of the ancient civilizations.
|
|
|
Seriation, stratigraphy, index fossils, and potassium argon are all examples of _____ dating.
|
Seriation, stratigraphy, index fossils, and potassium argon are all examples of relative dating.
|
|
|
___________ analysis provide estimates of when tools made of glassy stone were made.
|
Obsidian hydration analysis provide estimates of when tools made of glassy stone were made.
|
|
|
The use of a certain projectile point types or decorated pottery shards to date surface sites is an example of _______.
|
The use of a certain projectile point types or decorated pottery shards to date surface sites is an example of temporal types.
|
|
|
Bog bodies are preserved by naturally occurring ____.
|
Bog bodies are preserved by naturally occurring oxides
|
|
|
Sex traits observable in the human skeleton include all of the following except _________.
|
Sex traits observable in the human skeleton include all of the following except epiphyseal union.
|
|
|
What are the 5 types of relative dating techniques?
|
stratigraphy, index fossiles/biostratigraphy, temporal types, seriation, and FUN dating
|
|
|
What are the 8 examples of chronometric dating?
|
dendrochronology, radiocarbon, potasium argon, uranium series, thermoluminescence, electron spin resonance, archaeomagnetishm, obsidian hydraiton analysis
|
