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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
End of the Paleolithic
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-epipaleo: near east
-Mesolithic: europe -Archaic: New world -microliths, hunter-gatherers |
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agriculture
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-produce food through domes/cult/herding
-develops globally and independently -Near East, China, Africa, Mesoamer. NA, SA |
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domestication
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changing phy char to your use
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cultivation
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tending
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benefits/negatives
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-better diet?, sedentism, more reliable/easy
-poorer diet?, disaster, more work/planning |
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oasis theory
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all life gathered near oases, humans took control
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hilly flanks/natural habitat
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not oases, natural habitats, where ancestors developed
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pop pressure
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need more food, created more pop anyway
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affluent forager
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hoarding what you have, building a surplus
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consequences
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-sedentism
-surplus -new technology: tools, ceramics, farming -social organization: tribes, hierarchy -foundation for state level societies |
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Near east (SW asia)
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-animals, cereals, seeds
-FIRST: farming, domestication, pottery -tells (piles of stuff) -archaeobotany/ zoology -mudbrick |
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Natufian culture (preneolithic)
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-preadapted; ancestors of farming
-sedentism, hunter-g, microliths -ain mallaha -jericho -abu hureya/gobekli tepe |
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neolithic
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-Jericho (first to dom goats)
-catalhoyuk: Mellaart/Hodder, trade, religion, economy, burials, town |
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Mesopotamia
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-fertile crescent
-cradle of civilization -n: fertile -S: dry, irrigation |
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Urban rev
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-childe
-urban settlement -surplus -state level society -monumental art/arch -writing system -craft specialization -rank/hierarchy |
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Uruk
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-FIRST CITY
-ziggurat (monument) -cylinder seals/cuneiform: writing sys; epic of gilgamesh |
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Ur
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-Woolley
-Nana moon goddess zig -city: public/private -royal cemetery: hierarchy/organization |
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stonehenge/megaliths
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-menhir: one standing
-dolmen: house -Neolithic, Bronze age -chiefdoms |
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stonehenge
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-salisbury plain
-ditch/bank, avebury holes, heelstone, avenue) -imported bluestones -druids, durrington walls 1. earthen henge 2. bluestone circle 3. sarsen circle (3s) -debate over it |
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pericles
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-public building projects
-acropolis/parthenon -parth-Doric -Athena Nike - Ionic -erechtheion -mycenean wall |
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parthenon parts
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-doric columns
-pediments (triangle) -frieze: large wraparound -metope: pictures separated by triglyphs |
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parthenon uses
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-chr church, crusader cathedral, mosque
-destroyed during venetian siege |
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elgin
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bruce, turkey/partage, bri. museum, cleaning scandal, where do they belong?
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egypt
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-nile (s to n, delta)
-napoleon, expedition, rosetta stone -old kingdom: step pyramid -giza |
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Giza
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-pyramids, causeway, valley temple, barge/boat, mortuary, enclosures
-Khufu: great py, boat -khafre: sphinx -menkaure |
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New kingdom
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-carter/tut
-partage -looters, adventure, mystery: antiquities service -valley of the kings -mummies |
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aegean in the bronze age
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-iliad, homer, trojan war
-troy -mycenae -uluburun |
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Troy
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1. walled, towers, settlement
2. walls, connections w/ other countries, prisms treasures: partage 6. homer's troy? |
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mycenae
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-lion's gate
-megaron -grave circle: mask of agamemnon |
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uluburun
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-maritime/underwater arch
-ship, raw materials for bronze, trade, merchants |
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Pompeii
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-campania
-part of roman empire -mt vesuvius -typical town: snapshot, buried in ash -good preservation -hierarchy |
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Great Zimbabwe
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-nationality/history denied
-elliptical building/temple? -conical tower -hill ruins: acropolis -valley ruins -elite class: stone houses, hierachy society -common: daga (mud/thatch) not preserved -crafts: pottery, gold, iron, stone, TRADE -Rhodes/esia: colossus, take over, colonialism, etc -who owns its past? |
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Merhgarh
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-had urban settlement and craft specialization
-burials |
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key features of early harappa
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• Standardization
• Wheel pottery/firing, terra cotta, craft specialization, textiles ******Architecture • Metallurgy • Proto-writing ******Multi-functional, ******hierarchy of sites • Plows, the wheel • Kot Diji • HAD:Urban settlement, craft specialization, writing: early stages |
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mature harappa
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-measures/weights
-seals -scripts -• Early evidence of agriculture/settlements • Important position for trade • Good location • Grave goods: imports/trade, burials • Domestication (smaller), grinding stones -urban settlement, writing, craft specialization, surplus, most likely state level, maybe rank, no monuments ****british involvement: wheeler |
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Neolithic sites
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-Near East (SW asia) - Ain Mallaha, Abu Hurray, Jericho, catalholyuk (Turkey), Merhgarh: FERTILE CRESCENT
-China -Africa -Meso america (mexico/guila cave, tehuacan) -SA (guitarrero) -NA khok phanom di - se asia |
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first cities
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-Eridu - mesopotamia
-Uruk - mes - indus valley (near india) - harappa, mehenjo-daro -egpyt -hierakonpolis, giza -china -se asia -africa: great zimbabwe |
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europe
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-england, ireland
-bulgaria: varna -ice man: alps -aegean/greece (mycenae, troy, uluburun, knossos) -rome, pompeii -denmark: bog |
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edge hyp
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on the margins, less food
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social hyp
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accumulate surplus, transform into more valuable goods
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