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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
End of the Paleolithic
-epipaleo: near east
-Mesolithic: europe
-Archaic: New world

-microliths, hunter-gatherers
agriculture
-produce food through domes/cult/herding
-develops globally and independently
-Near East, China, Africa, Mesoamer. NA, SA
domestication
changing phy char to your use
cultivation
tending
benefits/negatives
-better diet?, sedentism, more reliable/easy
-poorer diet?, disaster, more work/planning
oasis theory
all life gathered near oases, humans took control
hilly flanks/natural habitat
not oases, natural habitats, where ancestors developed
pop pressure
need more food, created more pop anyway
affluent forager
hoarding what you have, building a surplus
consequences
-sedentism
-surplus
-new technology: tools, ceramics, farming
-social organization: tribes, hierarchy
-foundation for state level societies
Near east (SW asia)
-animals, cereals, seeds
-FIRST: farming, domestication, pottery
-tells (piles of stuff)
-archaeobotany/ zoology
-mudbrick
Natufian culture (preneolithic)
-preadapted; ancestors of farming
-sedentism, hunter-g, microliths
-ain mallaha
-jericho
-abu hureya/gobekli tepe
neolithic
-Jericho (first to dom goats)
-catalhoyuk: Mellaart/Hodder, trade, religion, economy, burials, town
Mesopotamia
-fertile crescent
-cradle of civilization
-n: fertile
-S: dry, irrigation
Urban rev
-childe
-urban settlement
-surplus
-state level society
-monumental art/arch
-writing system
-craft specialization
-rank/hierarchy
Uruk
-FIRST CITY
-ziggurat (monument)
-cylinder seals/cuneiform: writing sys; epic of gilgamesh
Ur
-Woolley
-Nana moon goddess zig
-city: public/private
-royal cemetery: hierarchy/organization
stonehenge/megaliths
-menhir: one standing
-dolmen: house
-Neolithic, Bronze age
-chiefdoms
stonehenge
-salisbury plain
-ditch/bank, avebury holes, heelstone, avenue)
-imported bluestones
-druids, durrington walls
1. earthen henge
2. bluestone circle
3. sarsen circle (3s)
-debate over it
pericles
-public building projects
-acropolis/parthenon
-parth-Doric
-Athena Nike - Ionic
-erechtheion
-mycenean wall
parthenon parts
-doric columns
-pediments (triangle)
-frieze: large wraparound
-metope: pictures separated by triglyphs
parthenon uses
-chr church, crusader cathedral, mosque
-destroyed during venetian siege
elgin
bruce, turkey/partage, bri. museum, cleaning scandal, where do they belong?
egypt
-nile (s to n, delta)
-napoleon, expedition, rosetta stone
-old kingdom: step pyramid
-giza
Giza
-pyramids, causeway, valley temple, barge/boat, mortuary, enclosures
-Khufu: great py, boat
-khafre: sphinx
-menkaure
New kingdom
-carter/tut
-partage
-looters, adventure, mystery: antiquities service
-valley of the kings
-mummies
aegean in the bronze age
-iliad, homer, trojan war
-troy
-mycenae
-uluburun
Troy
1. walled, towers, settlement
2. walls, connections w/ other countries, prisms treasures: partage
6. homer's troy?
mycenae
-lion's gate
-megaron
-grave circle: mask of agamemnon
uluburun
-maritime/underwater arch
-ship, raw materials for bronze, trade, merchants
Pompeii
-campania
-part of roman empire
-mt vesuvius
-typical town: snapshot, buried in ash
-good preservation
-hierarchy
Great Zimbabwe
-nationality/history denied
-elliptical building/temple?
-conical tower
-hill ruins: acropolis
-valley ruins
-elite class: stone houses, hierachy society
-common: daga (mud/thatch) not preserved
-crafts: pottery, gold, iron, stone, TRADE
-Rhodes/esia: colossus, take over, colonialism, etc
-who owns its past?
Merhgarh
-had urban settlement and craft specialization
-burials
key features of early harappa
• Standardization
• Wheel pottery/firing, terra cotta, craft specialization, textiles
******Architecture
• Metallurgy
• Proto-writing
******Multi-functional,
******hierarchy of sites
• Plows, the wheel
• Kot Diji

• HAD:Urban settlement, craft specialization, writing: early stages
mature harappa
-measures/weights
-seals
-scripts
-• Early evidence of agriculture/settlements
• Important position for trade
• Good location
• Grave goods: imports/trade, burials
• Domestication (smaller), grinding stones


-urban settlement, writing, craft specialization, surplus, most likely state level, maybe rank, no monuments

****british involvement: wheeler
Neolithic sites
-Near East (SW asia) - Ain Mallaha, Abu Hurray, Jericho, catalholyuk (Turkey), Merhgarh: FERTILE CRESCENT
-China
-Africa
-Meso america (mexico/guila cave, tehuacan)
-SA (guitarrero)
-NA

khok phanom di - se asia
first cities
-Eridu - mesopotamia
-Uruk - mes
- indus valley (near india) - harappa, mehenjo-daro
-egpyt -hierakonpolis, giza
-china
-se asia
-africa: great zimbabwe
europe
-england, ireland
-bulgaria: varna
-ice man: alps
-aegean/greece (mycenae, troy, uluburun, knossos)
-rome, pompeii
-denmark: bog
edge hyp
on the margins, less food
social hyp
accumulate surplus, transform into more valuable goods