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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecological determinism
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A form of explanation in which it is implicit that changes in the environment determine changes in human society.
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Marxist archaeology
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A materialist model of cultural change from contradiction on conflict results
-Focuses on the concrete realities of human existence (products of human minds-artifacts) -Between forces of production (tech.) and relations of production (Social organization): struggle between those who have control and those who don't |
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Natural laws
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A universal statement, one that is always true, x always implies y
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Hypothetico-deductive approach
(in book as hypothetico-deductive explanation) |
A form of explanation based on the formulation of hypotheses and the establishment from them by deduction of consequences which can then be tested against the archaeological data.
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Multivariate explanation
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More than one factor in explanation
not monocausal |
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Structuralist archaeologists
(in book as structuralist approaches) |
Human actions are guided by beliefs and symbolic concepts
-Proper object of study is the structure of thought-the ideas in the minds of the actors who made them. |
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Critical theory
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A theoretical approach developed by the so-called "Frankfurt School" of German social thinkers, which stresses that all knowledge is historical, and in a sense biassed commuication; thus, all claims to "objective" knowledge are illusory.
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Cognitive-processual archaeology
(in book as cogntive-processual approach) |
Emerged to transcend functionalist- processualist archaeology
-takes into account cognitive and symbolic aspects -rejects total relativism -recognizes ideology as active force -material culture active factor in constructing the world -role of internal conflict (Important!) -long-term trends -Creative role of individual -recognize that facts don't have an existence independent of theory. |
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Feedback
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The concept was derived from the field of cybernetics (control theory).
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Punctuated equilibria
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Sudden changes occur and transformation occurs rapidly
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Catastrophe/chaos theory
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Slow changes to a sudden effect
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