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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mayan Pyramids |
- stepped - flat topped - creation of the arch - used for ritual and ceremony |
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Mayan cities |
Top to Bottom: Divine King/Queen, nobles, military leaders, religious leaders, artisans, farmers
- priests taught writing, astronomy, calendars - complex society - observatories
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Maya: Space |
- 4 cardinal directions (with a god, tree, color associated with each) - 13 layers of heaven - 9 layers of the underworld |
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Maya Calendar |
- time is not measured linear, but instead cyclical - ritual almanac: 260 day cycle for religious ceremonies) - solar year (18 months of 20 days, 5 day turnover period) - calendars together= 52 years |
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Maya cosmology |
- complex combination of real world and other realms - no division between real world and supernatural world |
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THE MAYA |
- paleoindian sites - slash and burn agriculture - raised field agriculture - writing system developed |
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Teotihuacan |
- 300BC to AD 750 - 90% of population were farmers (forcibly relocated to Teotihuacan and had to commute to their farms - Street of the Dead (pyramid of sun and pyramid of moon) - military/police force - neighbourhoods were classified by specialization - 150 heads plus mass sacrifice at time of collapse - artifact chambers under the city |
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Basin of Mexico |
- 300 BC to AD 750 - home to the Aztecs - rapid growing population - home to Teotihuacan |
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Monte Alban
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- 400 BC to AD 750 - first city in Mesoamerica - ceremonial centre - heiroglyphs - 260 day calendar - location: steep ridge (why?) - surrounded by a wall - temples, ball courts, observatories
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Mesoamerican culture formulated during the Olmec |
- major dieties (gods) - ball game - human sacrifice - polished mirrors - long distance trade |
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Tres Zapotes |
- prominent until the end of Olmec prominence (AD 1) |
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La Venta |
- built on an island - platforms, mounds, pyramids, plazas - mound in the shape of a fluted cone (representative of a volcano- supernatural, feared, legends) - abandon in 500 BC |
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Olmec |
- location: sites along the Gulf of Mexico - major town: San Lorenzo - productive flood plain environments - monumental art - giant stone heads - artificial ponds (water storage or crocodile farms) - San Lorenzo abandon at 900 BC and stone heads were vandalized agriculture
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teosinté |
- ancestor to modern corn - through human intervention, teositnè was selectively bred and is not the corn we have today |
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Mesoamerica |
- Central America - Mexico - Guatemala - El Savador - Hondouras - Belize |
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Archaic Period (Mesoamerica) |
- game, plants, shellfish - domesticated plants by 5,000 BP (maize, beans, squash) - base camps, sedentary settlements |
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Mayan Trade |
- obsidian - salt (extremely valuable) - pottery
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Mayan Ball Game |
- teams of 2-11 members each - solid rubber ball - no hands, feet, calves used - linked to religion (origin story of twins) - losers of the game were often sacrificed |
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Post Classic Maya Collapse |
- possible causes: disease (unlikely), disaster (earthquake, hurricane, unlikely), peasant revolution, agricultural collapse, drought, trade disruption, warfare - likely a combo of a few things (revolution and drought)
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Toltecs |
- centered at Tula - post- classic state - was abandon at AD 1160 (violence? warfare? drought?)
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Aztec Empire |
- Mexico basin is re-populated - surplus of maize - fast growing population (10 million) - large, full time army (feared) - human sacrifice - collapse (Spanish arrival) |
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Aztec people |
- seen as barbarians when they arrive in the basin. Others don't like them - saw a sign from God (eagle on prickly pear cactus - possibility for cannibalism
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Andean civilization |
- 3,000 BC- 1,800 BC - cotton, gourds, squash, beans, guava, potatoes, quinoa, peanuts, llama - platform mounds with temples on top
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South America: Initial Period |
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