Archaeology Introduction And Chapter 1

Front 1

Anthropology

Back 1

The study of humans

Front 2

Biological/Physical Anthropology

Back 2

Study of bones, forensics- A subdiscipline of anthropology dealing with the study of human biological or physical characteristics and their evolution

Front 3

Cultural/Social Anthropology

Back 3

Study of living people

Front 4

Ethnography

Back 4

studying living cultures singular (1 group in one place)

Front 5

Ethnology

Back 5

The comparative study of living cultures (plural)

Front 6

Archaeology

Back 6

The past tense of cultural anthropology; studying dead humans; the study of the past through its material culture

Front 7

Linguistics

Back 7

Studying human language to understand human culture (if under anthropology) Sometimes not under anthropology

Front 8

Material Culture

Back 8

The buildings, tools, and other artifacts that constitute the material remains of former societies.

Front 9

Ethnoarchaeology

Back 9

Doing cultural archaeology with the past in mind

Front 10

Three Age System

Back 10

Developed by the Danish scholar, C.J. Thomsen in 1836; Stone Bronze and Iron Ages; first attempt to organize thing into sequences; important because it established the idea of classifying things

Front 11

Typology

Back 11

Arranging artifacts in chronological or developmental sequences

Front 12

Direct Historical Approach

Back 12

Used to describe historical change; trying to trace a modern phenomenon directly into the past; works well with pottery

Front 13

Assemblage

Back 13

A collection of artifacts; soon understood that an assmblage defines a group of people

Front 14

Cultural Ecology

Back 14

Study of ways in which adaptation to the enviroment could cause cultural change

Front 15

New Archaeology

Back 15

Started in the 1960's; a turning point in archaeology; key concepts- explanatory v. descriptive, focus on cultural process v. cultural history, deductive v. inductive, testing v. authority, project design v. data accumulation, quantative v. simply qualitative, optimism v pessimism. Critique- jargony, scientistic- doing faux science

Front 16

Salvage Archaeology

Back 16

Prevents destruction by developers; the location and recording (usually through excavation) of archaeological sites in advance of highway construction, drainage projects or urban devlopments

Front 17

Postprocessual/Interpretive Archaeology

Back 17

Developed out of wider social and philosophical fields; no single, correct way to interpret stuff, objectivity is impossible; interest in cognition and religion; interest in the individual (people of the lower class, etc.)

Front 18

Androcentrism

Back 18

Man oriented