Archaeology

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archaeology

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study of human cultural development primarily in the past but also in the present; major focus is on artifacts of human activity

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artifacts

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any object or environment with evidence of human intervention

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artifacts generally refers to...

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range of movable objects

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ecofacts refers to...

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seeds, pollen, bone, etc.

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structures refer to...

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architectural features

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features refer to...

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discernable change in the soil or natural environment resulting in human activity

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goals to archaeological research is:

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-describe and construct culture history
-describe and reconstruct past lifeways
-identify and explain culture process
-describe and understand archaeological record

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Culture

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learned behavior that is primary meaning of adaptation to the environment for humans

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Natural Environment

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all aspects of nature; humans, beliefs, ideology, etc.

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Uniformatarianism

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(Hutton and Lyell) all strata are the result of geological processes of erosion, accumulation, weathering and tectonic movements that are continuing today from the past

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Difussion

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spread of organisms or ideas over space

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Migration

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physical movement of organisms in to new regions

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inductive reasoning

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base on a set of specific emprical observations; making generalizations or inferences about past and present situations

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deductive reasoning

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proceeds from a general principle to infer about a specific situation; premises are true, conclusions are true

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analogy

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form of inference in which it is reasoned that if 2+ agree with each other in 1+ aspects

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Palaeontology

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study of fossil bones

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Taphonomic studies

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study of how bones are patterned in the systemic and archaeological context

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Palynology

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study of pollens

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Ethnoarchaeology

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aka living archaeology, study of living cultures to understand how to better interpret the past

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experimental Archaeology

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replication of tools or adaptive processes to betterunderstand the archeological record

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Archaeological sites

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occupation sites; cave, open air, etc.

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Archaeological occurences

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surface scatters, secondary gravels (colluvial or alluvial)