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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is archaeology?
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The reconstruction of **cultural systems** from various kinds of remains;
The study of **dead** populations. |
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Prehistoric Archaelogy
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Reconstruction of societies that have NO written records
(ex. Ancient Egypt, Africa, etc.) |
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Historical Archaeology
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Reconstruction of cultures that have written records
(ex. present-day, ancient Rome, etc.) |
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Artifacts
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Material culture that is modified by human activities and can be removed from the site without destroying them.
(ex. stone tools, bows, pottery, etc.) |
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Features
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non-portable material culture made by human activity; can't be moved from archaeological site without causing damage to the site or the feature.
(ex. hearths, huts/houses) |
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What is the definition of an archaelogical site?
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a spatial distribution of artifacts and features
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Ethnographic Analogy
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Inferring the use of ancient tools by look at similar tools in recent living primative societies
(ex. Kalahari Bushmen) |
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Experimental Archaeology
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inferring use of ancient tools by making and using similar tools
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Stages of Archaeological Research
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Discovery; Recovery; Analysis and Curation
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Discovery Stage of Archaeological Research
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Pedestrian Survey or Aerial (Satellite) Survey; 1.5 foot test pits based on statistical sampling.
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Recovery Stage of Archaeology
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Use grid system to dig site and remove materials from site using ***vertical*** and ***horizontal*** dimension.
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Vertical Dimension
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how deep the artifact was found in the site; accumulation of sediments through time reveals age of artifact.
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Horizontal Dimension
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Controlled by using grid system; placement of artifacts is recorded and photographed/drawn
Stratigraphy can reveal order of events (ex. Sir Mortimer Wheeler's famous Roman battle reenactment) |
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Relative Dating Techniques
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superposition; seriation; association
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Superposition
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Relative dating technique based on superposition (stuff at the top is younger than stuff on the bottom);
determining age of one item in comparison to another. (ex. stratigraphic sequence) |
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Seriation/Seriation-Graphs
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placing archaeological material in chronological order according to popularity of the stylistic shifts in the artifcats.
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