Archaelogy Test 2

Front 1

The ____ era (23 million to 5 million years ago) saw an explosion in the number of hominoid species

Back 1

Miocene

Front 2

Evidence that the genus ___ walked upright is found in a trail of footprints left in volcanic ash at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania

Back 2

Australopithecus

Front 3

The ___ of a ca. 47.5 million year old recently found fossil primate, which resembled a lemur, suggests it could be a missing link in human evolution

Back 3

Opposable thumbs

Front 4

Recent analysis of Australopithecus ___, a new species studied by TAMU anthropologist D DeRuiter and others, suggest they may be an intermediate form leading to the genus Homo.

Back 4

Sediba

Front 5

The archaeological sites of Chesowanja and Zhoukoudian both contain

Back 5

Tentative/controversial evidence of fire use

Front 6

Skeletal remains from the sites of Ubeidya (Israel) and Dmansi (Georgia in the middle east) are widely attributed to

Back 6

Homo erectus

Front 7

Atapeurca, Spain is a site with hominin and other animal remains and stone told dated to about ___ years ago

Back 7

800,000

Front 8

Over ___ years ago, prehistoric chimpanzees were using stone tools to smash nuts in the west African rainforest, a new study suggests

Back 8

4,000

Front 9

Neanderthals lived about ____ years ago.

Back 9

175,000-30,000

Front 10

Modern humans had evolved by about ____ years ago.

Back 10

160,000

Front 11

Homo floresiensis is an extinct species from ___.

Back 11

Southeast Asia

Front 12

In Africa, the Acheulian industries were replaced between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago by ___ industries.

Back 12

Middle Stone Age

Front 13

Which of the following is NOT among the Upper Paleolithic stone tool industries in Europe?

Back 13

Perigordian

Front 14

As per current understanding, modern humans were established in Australia by about ___ years ago.

Back 14

55,000

Front 15

The general trend through time to expend more energy per unit area to feed more people is known as ___.

Back 15

Land-use intensification

Front 16

According to Binford, the temporal order of intensification of primary foods was a follows:

Back 16

Big game, small game, aquatic foods, wild plants, domestic plants and animals

Front 17

The important site in South America (Chile) known as Monte Verde _____________.

Back 17

Argues against the Clovis-first model

Front 18

Mound building at the Watson Brake site in Louisiana began about _____ years ago, based on radiocarbon and luminescence dating.

Back 18

5,400-5,000

Front 19

There is evidence-remains of earth ovens with charred root foods- for pre-agricultural revolutions in Tx and other parts of western North American by ___ BP,

Back 19

9,000-6,000

Front 20

While there is little direct evidence for cooking fires at Clovis sites in NA, inferential evidence has been presented for such at the well known ___ site in Tx.

Back 20

Gault

Front 21

The Fertile Crescent is a ______.

Back 21

Mediterranean climate that arcs across the Middle East

Front 22

Exploitation of a wide range of plant and animals by hunter-gatherer societies is referred to as ______.

Back 22

Broad spectrum adaptation

Front 23

The terminal-Pleistocene state of affairs, at ____ BP, included people living most everywhere on earth, populations high relative to available food resources and existing technology, and continuing rapid growth/packing.

Back 23

14,000-10,000

Front 24

In the Pacific NW, “quasi” agriculture in natural camas meadows, as documented ethnographically, included______.

Back 24

Weeding/tilling and burning/demarcating

Front 25

How was the emmer wheat rachis significant to plant domestication

Back 25

As a tough seed axis to hold seeds in place

Front 26

The _____ site is the earliest known large-scale architectural feature in the Middle East, ca 12,000-10,800 years ago

Back 26

Jericho tower

Front 27

Recent research suggests that domestic dogs and bottle gourds were widespread in the Americas by _____ years ago, well before domestication of grains and animals for food.

Back 27

10,000

Front 28

Evidence, including from studies by TAMU archaeologists, indicates that ______ can be recovered from fire cracked rocks in ancient earth ovens, just as they have been recovered from stone tools.

Back 28

Plant food microfossils

Front 29

______, a ca 11,000 year old site in Turkey, is one of the world’s earliest ceremonial centers with monumental architecture.

Back 29

Gobekli Tepe

Front 30

According to your text, ____ is a wild grass found in the highlands of Mexico that is this wild ancestor of corn (i.e., maize).

Back 30

teosinte

Front 31

The model of human behavior that assumes that choices people make reflect rational self-interest to maximize efficiency in collecting and processing resources is called _____ theory.

Back 31

Optimal foraging

Front 32

The Richard Beene site, south of San Antonio, Tx, yielded evidence for____.

Back 32

Hunting and Gathering

Front 33

Pre- Colombian Agriculture was widely practiced in Tx with the exceptions of the BC/S Area (post-oak savannah), coastal regions (parries and marshes), and which of the following areas?

Back 33

South Texas, brush lands

Front 34

A ca. 8,500 year old dung layer in the back of Uan Afuda, a human occupied cave in the Sahara desert, is attributed to penning/keeping wild Barbary _______.

Back 34

sheep

Front 35

The Cotton Preceramic period began about 5,700 years ago when sites with monumental architecture flourished on the coast of _____.

Back 35

Peru

Front 36

Small villages of _____ existed across northern Africa during the period of increased rainfall in the Sahara, some 9,000-6,000 years ago.

Back 36

Hunter-gatherers

Front 37

Rice was independently domesticated in _____ and _____.

Back 37

West Africa and China