Arch History Iii Test 2

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Monument to the Third International
-Vladimir Tatlin
-1920
-400 m tall, 3 primary shapes- pure cube=legislative and rotates once per year, pure pyramid=administrative and rotates once per month, pure cylinder=information and rotates once per day

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Schindler Chase House
- Rudolf Schindler
-1922
-West Hollywood, California
-responds to CA climate (indiginous architecture of pueblos), tilt up concrete construction, heavy timber and light wood screens

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Maison Le Roche-Jeanneret
-Le Corbusier
-1924
-Paris
-triple high space in walkways
-ground ramp into space
-blue and red use of color

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Leningrad Pravda Building
-Victor and Alexander Vesnin
-Moscow, Soviet Union
-1924
-news paper offices, form of propapganda for the future, loud speakers, moving billboards, projection screens

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Lovell Beach House
-Rudolf M. Schindler
-Newport Beach, California
-1924
-weekend house, 5 concrete piers, double height open space with private space overlooking, avant garde

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-USSR Pavilion Exposition des Arts Decoratifs
-Konstantin Melnikov
-Paris
-1925
-expressed intensity and energy

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Maison Cook
-Le Corbusier
-1927
-Boulogne, France
-1 or series of row houses
-pilotis, regulating lines, roof garden, private spaces= ground level, public spaces = upper level, symmetry reinforced by windows but offset by balcony

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Lenin Institute of Librarianship
-Vladimir Lenin
-1927

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Villa Stein de Monzie
-Le Corbusier
-Garches, France
-1927
-International Style exemplar, "deconstructed Palladian" structure.
-strip windows, open plan, roof garden, free facade
-rectangles that slip and overlap

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E-1027
-Eileen Gray
-Roquebrune, France
-1926-29
-remote home on cliff, L-shaped plan similar to le corb., rich colors and textiles

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Lovell House
-Richard Neutra
-Los Angeles, California
-1928
-overlooking valley, wanted house to climb up and inhabit the hillside, slips spaces past one another gives for a translucent feel,starts suspending with delicate steel columns

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Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building
-George Howe and William Lescaze
-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
-1926-32
-asymmetrical machine age design, pure functionalism, truely modern steel structure design, 5 story plinth, offices in T-shape- max air and light, advanced technology

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Barcelona Pavilion
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-Barcelona, Spain
-built 1928-1929, demolished 1930
-An Icon of the Modern movement. free plan exemplar. Rebuilt in 1959 to the original design.
-celebrate germany as technology master
-asymmetry & symmetry, reflection, spatial depth

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Tugendhat House
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-Brno, Czech Republic
-1929
-fluid order, free plan, curved ebony & onyx partitions, light & reflection, machine & people

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Viipuri Public Library
-Alvar Aalto
-Viipuri, Russia,
-1927–35
-is considered one of the first manifestation of "regional modernism".
-three main projects
-last project: internal volumes flowed into one another, ceiling of gradually stepping planes and skylights, modulation of space and light
-'functional style'

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Narkomfin Apartment Building
-Moisei Ginzburg
-Moscow, SU
-1929
-mass housing project, houses slip together with shared spaces to bring people together
-looked like le corbusiers work
-A fine example of Constructivist architecture and avant-garde interior planning

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Chrysler Building
-William Van Alen
-New York, New York
-1928 to 1930
-Stainless steel metal ornamented top (gargoiles). Automobile-derived ornamental details. Elegant lobby
-celebrates capitalism

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Villa Savoye
-Le Corbusier
-Poissy, France
-1928 to 1929
-An early and classic exemplar of the "International Style", which hovers above a grass plane on thin concrete pilotti, with strip windows, and a flat roof with a deck area, ramp, and a few contained touches of curvaceous walls.

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Maison de Verre
-Chareau
-1928-31
-Paris
-residence and medical center, steel structure & glass block, revealed construction, machine precision

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Crankbrook Academy
-Eliel Saarinen
-1928~41
-Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
-Vernacular v.s. Modern

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Empire State Building
-Richmond Shreve
-New York, New York
-1931
-102 floors, 1252 feet, 381 meters high. Effective use of setbacks to emphasize tower.
-tallest in work for 40 yrs

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Rockefeller Center
-Raymond Hood
-NYC
-1931-40
-crystalized form, advanced art deco, setback elevations

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Pavilion Suisse
-Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret
-Paris, France
-1930-32
-5 story dorm, poor soil, 6 concrete piers - cost alot of money

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Casa del Fascio
-Giuseppi Terragni
-Como, Italy
-1932-1936
-Originally designed with traditional hipped roof and rusticated base, but instead grew into an early exemplar of the modern style. Coincidence of spatial and structural modules.
-solid cube, recesses, portico

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Kaufmann House (falling water)
-Frank Lloyd Wright
-Ohiopyle, (Bear Run), Pennsylvania -1934~1948
-Cantilevers dramatically over rock outcropping and rushing stream.
-horizontality, reflections
-culmination of low career for modern master

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Villa Bianca
-Giuseppe Terragni
-Seveso ,Italy
-1936-1937
-influenced by le corbusier, pure exterior forms
-roof terrace, international style, italian rationalism

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Taliesin West
-Frank Lloyd Wright
-Scottsdale, Arizona
-1937 onward
-respond to landscape- dramatic desert climate, looks to adobe architecture

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Villa Mairea
-Alvar Aalto
-Noormarkku, Finland
-1938-41
-very rich client- got to pull together many themes, loved villa savoye, L-shaped plan, semi-courtyards, horizontals and overhangs in the main composition echo the ground plane

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EUR - Palazzo della Civilta Italiana
-Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno La Padula and Mario Romano
-EUR, Rome, Italy
-1936 to 1943
-an icon of Fascist architecture.

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Johnson Wax Company Headquarters
-Frank Lloyd Wright
-Racine, Wisconsin
-1936-1945
-inverted glorified work space, tied to workers, creates new common space, stacked glass tubes bring in diffused light, main hall- hypostyle grid

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Kaufmann Desert House
-Richard Neutra
-Palm Springs, California
-1946
-Flat roofs, opening onto paved courtyard areas.
-moves towards steel, glass, planer forms and transparency
-low earth hugging, embeded into earth
-starts using prefab

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Chandigarh, High Court
-Le Corbusier
-Chandigarh, India
-1951-57
- an open-sided box with a sculpted, protective roof in the form of a sluice (also looking like an airplane
- courtrooms were slotted grill-like rectangles underneath portice

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Chandigarh, palace of assembly
-Le Corbusier
-Chandigarh, India
-1953 to 1963
-Curved concrete roof form accents block massing.

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Chandigarh, Secretariat
-Le Corbusier
-Chandigarh, India
-1953
-Corb designed the entire city

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Baker house Dormitory
-Alvar Aalto
-Cambridge, Massachusetts
-1947 to 1948
-At MIT. S-curved plan optimizes views along Charles River.

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Convent Sainte-Marie de la Tourette
-Le Corbusier
-Eveux-sur-Arbresle, near Lyon, France
-1957 to 1960
-blocky massing.

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Unite d'Habitation
-Le Corbusier
-Marseilles, France
-1946 to 1952
-Housing slab, raised off ground on sculpted legs.
-vertical city, self sustainable, "streets" inside, residents & hotels & shops

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Säynätsalo town hall
-Alvar Alto
-1948~1952
-Saynatsalo, Finland
-an elevated courtyard plan, brick & wood

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Chapel of Notre-Dame-du-Haut
-Le Corbusier
-Ronchamp, France
-1950~55
-Soft-form composition, deep windows with colored glass (wall thickness 4' to 12')
-focuses on landscap and views
-place of pilgramige
-3 towers-light scoops that are smaller chapels

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Experimental House
-Alvar Aalto
-Muuratsalo,Finland
-1952-53
-A living architectural sketch-pad, with experimental masonry patterns, unifying shed roof.

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Millowners' Association Building
-Le Corbusier
-1951-54
-Ahmadabad
-free plan, spatial dynamism of cubism, sense of movement of human figure

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Church of St Mark
-Siguard Lewerenta
-1956
-Bjorkhagen,Swnden
-Brick wook make the material Israel expression; feeling of the material; Aalto arch quality

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Church of three crosses
-Alvar Aalto
-Vuoksenniska, Finland
-1957-1959
-white period- smooth white reflecting spaces
-interior and exterior skins are seperate creating sculptural forms

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Sydney Opera House
-Jørn Utzon
-Sydney, Australia
-1956-1973
-wedges sciled from sphere= soaring white shards that represent wing of bird
-4 shells, concerned with light and sound, raised plinth, 2 auditoriums next to eachother face water creating for unique back stage condition- sets must be raised and lowered when changed

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Bagsvaerd Church
-Jorn Utzon
-1968 to 1976
-near Copenhagen, Denmark
-Dramatic exterior/interior distinction: Crisp simple industrialesque exterior, daylighting through soft curving section
-influence from vernacular chhurches of the region
-precast concrete panels, fluid poche, diffused natural light

Front 46

The Russian Revolution

Back 46

-1917
-Bolshevik government: Lenin, Trotsky
-created soviet union
-suprematism, constructivism architecture, avant-garde

Front 47

Le Corbusier's 5 pts of a new architecture

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1. Pilotis- elevating masses above ground, natural flow under and natural grid
2. Free plan- max flexibility
3. Free facade- free of structure, allows for strip windows
4. Strip windows- new level of transparency
5. Roof garden

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Object Types

Back 48

Object Types
-Obj (Typical) Dirved from Werkbund “industrial types”
-Object TypesObj that “tend towards a type which is determined by the evolution of forms between the ideal of maximum utility and the necessities of economic manufacture.”

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Two level of meaning for Object Type

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Two Level of meaning:
1) Universal(such as primary geometries recognizable to all)
2) Particular(to culture of cultural contect in which it appears)

Front 50

Four compositions

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-1st composition(Maison La Roche-Jeanneret): “the inside takes its ease and pushed out to form diverse projections”
-2nd (Maison cook and Villa stein-de Monzeie): the pure form of the exterior constrains the interior organization; very difficult to pill off yet quite satisfying to sprit when successful
-3rd (Villa Baizeau): Most problempatic
-4th (Villa Savoye)

Front 51

Three basic principles
according to jonson and hitchcock

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-Expression of volume rather than mass
-Balance rather than symmetry
-Rejection of applied ornament

Front 52

The poem of the Right Angle (Le Poeme de l’angle droit) 1947~53

Back 52

-ZONE A: GREEN
Theme: Environment, Natural world
-ZONE B: BLUE
Theme: Spiritual.
Cosmetic; verticality;
-ZONE C:
Theme: Flesh
-ZONE D: RED
Theme: Fusion
Ideal of taking all the sources, fuses them and become the blending of things
-ZONE E: Clear
Theme: Character
-ZONE F: Yellow
Theme: Offering
-ZONE G: Purple
Theme: tool