Arch 218 Midterm 2 (Lecture 6)

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Origins of Islam

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Islam: Means "submission to God's will" in Arabic

Muhammad (570-632): Receives divine messages starting in 610 AD. Leaves hometown of Mecca in 622 AD. Returns in 630 AD [seen as just a man; not a half-God, half-man like Jesus]

Qur'an (Koran): Seen as the direct word from God received by Muhammad

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Five Pillars of Islam

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1. Shahada- vow of faith to God

2. Prayer- five times daily (cycle starts at sundown)

3. Alms- Giving to those in need

4. Fasting during Ramadan- no eating during daylight during 9th month

5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once

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Leaders in Muslim Religious Order

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Ulama- "the learned" are no different/superior to regular Muslim adults; there are no priests or hierarchy in Islam

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Muslim Caliphates

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Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 AD)- capital at Damascus. Prince fled and started Caliphate in Spain in 750. Lasted for 750 years

Abbasid Caliphate (750-1228 AD)- capital at Baghdad

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Minaret

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tower where "call to prayer" is broadcast

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Courtyard

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open space with well to wash feet, hands, and face before prayer

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Covered Prayer Hall

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like a nave in Christian Churches

covered to provide shade in very hot, sunny climates like the Middle East

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Minbar

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small platform where person who leads prayer stands

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Qibla

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wall in direction of Mecca

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Mihrab

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niche or small room on the qibla,

extension toward Mecca

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Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

8th century major additions in 10th

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Front 12

Poly-lobed Arch

Back 12

great mosque of Cordoba

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Horseshoe Arch

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great mosque of Cordoba

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Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

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stacked arches allow a higher ceiling, more complex space

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Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

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Added by al-Hakam II exclusively for the wealthy and important political figure

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Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

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Front 17

Alhambra

Granada, Spain

13th-14th centuries

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capital of the Nasrids

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Alhambra

Granada, Spain

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Front 19

Hall of the Abencerrajes

in the Alhambra

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Front 20

Comares and Lions Palace

in Alhambra

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Front 21

Court of Lions

in Alhambra

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Front 22

Court of Lions

in Alhambra

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Front 23

Palace of Lions

in Alhambra

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mugarnas vault

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Court of the Myrtles

in Alhambra

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Front 25

Court of the Myrtles

in Alhambra

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Front 26

Hall of the Abencerrajes

in Alhambra, Granada, Spain

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Front 27

Hall of the Ambassadors

in Alhambra

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seven levels of heaven

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Generalife

in Alhambra

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Front 29

Generalife

in Alhambra

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Front 30

Great Mosque of Djenne

Mali

1240 but current building is a reconstruction

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Front 31

Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Front 35

Beta Maryam

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Front 36

Topkapi Palace

Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey

1460s and later

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Front 37

Middle Gate at Topkapi Palace

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Front 38

Gate of Felecity at Topkapi Palace

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Council Hall at Topkapi Palace

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Front 40

Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57)

Ottoman Empire at the time

ARCH: Sinan

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Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57)

Ottoman Empire at the time

ARCH: Sinan

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Front 42

Hagia Sophia

Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey

(532-37)

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Front 43

Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57)

Ottoman Empire at the time

ARCH: Sinan

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Front 44

Madrasa, Suleymaniye Mosque.

Istanbul, Turkey

(1550-57)

ARCH: Sinan

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complex of other buildings and tomb of Sinan and Suleyman

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Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

(1568-75)

ARCH: Sinan.

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Front 46

Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

(1568-75)

ARCH: Sinan.

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Front 47

Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

(1568-75)

ARCH: Sinan.

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Front 48

mosque

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masjid

place of prayer

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large communal mosques

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jami

often called Great Mosques or Friday Mosques

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minaret of Great Mosque of Cordoba

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Baroque style bell tower that was previously a minaret

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minaret of Great Mosque of Qayrawan

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Front 52

view to Mihrab, great mosque of Cordoba

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Front 53

poet and minister Ibn Zamrak

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For, are there not in this garden wonders that god has made incomparable in their beauty, and a sculpture of pearls with a transparently light, the borders of which are trimmed with seed pearl? Melted silver flows through the pearls, to which it resembles in its pure dawn beauty.

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Beta Maryam,

Lalibela, Ethiopia

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Front 55

Sinan

(Architect)

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- born a christian peasant

- raised as a muslim

- forced into military

-becomes arch and engineer to Suleyman the Magnificent

Front 56

Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

ARCH: Sinan

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