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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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. Anthropology is defined as ________.
a) the study of human cultures b) the study of humans cultures in the past and present c) the study of man d) the study of man by men |
c. the study of man (p. 6)
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The branch of anthropology that deals closely with legal issues is ________.
a) cultural anthropology b) forensic anthropology c) linguistic anthropology d) archaeology |
b. forensic anthropology (p. 13)
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In the case study of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, which fields were used to
help solve the historical mystery of their disappearance? a) Linguistic anthropology, sociocultural anthropology, and primatology. b) Linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and sociocultural anthropology. c) Physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and sociocultural anthropology. d) Primatology, physical anthropology, and forensic anthropology. |
c. Physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and
sociocultural anthropology. (pp. 7–8) |
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________ is thought of as the mixture of archaeology and physical
anthropology. a) Forensic anthropology b) Genetics c) Paleoanthropology d) Primatology |
c. Paleoanthropology (p. 10)
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Chimpanzees can use tools to ________.
a) fish out termites b) crack nuts c) Both a and b. d) They do not use tools. |
c. Both a and b. (p. 14)
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The scientific method involves ________.
a) making observations and testing hypotheses b) induction and deduction c) All of the above. d) None of the above. |
c. All of the above. (p. 15)
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Theories are explanations that ________.
a) can never be wrong b) are proven beyond a shadow of doubt c) are tested through observations d) are biased |
c. are tested through observations (p. 15)
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The fundamental difference between lumpers and splitters is ________.
a) the amount of variation they accept as existing within a species b) lumpers see greater distinctions in smaller differences c) splitters see more differences between species of the past and present d) There is no fundamental difference |
. a. the amount of variation they accept as existing within a species (p. 17)
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Piltdown Man was a hoax that was ________.
a) intentionally planted b) misinterpreted by the masses c) debunked from the very beginning d) instrumental in placing Homo erectus at the beginning of the human lineage |
a. intentionally planted (pp. 18–20)
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Piltdown Man was discovered by ________.
a) an anthropologist and a biologist b) a geologist and a lawyer c) a biologist and a geologist d) a lawyer and an anthropologist |
. d. a lawyer and an anthropologist (p. 18)
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How were the Piltdown Man specimens identified as fake?
a) Dawson and Woodward confessed. b) The tools they used were discovered in the museum. c) Relative dating methods showed the fossils did not match. d) The specimens eventually crumbled, revealing that they were painted. |
. c. Relative dating methods showed the fossils did not match. (p. 20)
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The acceptance of the Piltdown Man was based on attitudes of the scholars
of the day. They were expecting the missing link ________. a) to have a large brain and ape body plan b) to have a small brain and human body plan c) to be found in Africa like Darwin suggested d) to be fully bipedal (walking on two legs) |
a. to have a large brain and ape body plan (p. 22)
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Sociocultural anthropologists explain the reoccurring 'Bigfoot' story amongst
numerous cultures as ________. a) scientific evidence for its existence b) evidence for a common origin for these cultures c) similar storytelling across cultures to explain unknown phenomenon d) a huge coincidence |
c. similar storytelling across cultures to explain unknown phenomenon (p. 5)
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The Leakey family has been instrumental in which subfield of anthropology?
a) Primatology. b) Archaeology. c) Forensic anthropology. d) Paleoanthropology |
d. Paleoanthropology. (pp. 10–11)
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Physical anthropologists rely on bones and teeth for analysis. They can
inform us about ________. a) diet b) identity c) disease d) All of the above. |
d. All of the above. (p. 6)
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Why is the idea of polygeny or separate evolutionary paths for races wrong?
a) Human variation is too great to support the concept of different races. b) There is no genetic or physical evidence for it. c) It implies that some races are more intelligent than others. d) All of the above. |
. d. All of the above. (pp. 11–12)
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Anthropodenial refers to ________.
a) humanity’s denial that we are part of nature b) the denial that humans are related to apes c) the denial that anthropology uses the scientific method d) the denial that all people on earth are biologically equal |
b. the denial that humans are related to apes (p. 14)
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The skeletal remains of 'Lucy' that Donald Johansen discovered are attributed
to which species? a) Homo habilis. b) Homo rudolfensis. c) Australopithecus afarensis. d) Australopithecus africanus. |
c. Australopithecus afarensis. (p. 10)
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The hunter-gatherer lifestyle has been studied by medical anthropologists
who have noted that ________. a) hunter-gatherers are more disease prone b) hunter-gatherers have high levels of dental caries c) hunter-gatherers are short d) hunter-gatherers express less evidence for disease |
d. hunter-gatherers express less evidence for disease (p. 13)
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The sub-branch of primatology studies monkeys and apes in order to
________. a) develop models for our past ancestors b) show that they are our direct ancestors c) show that we are not related d) spend more time at the zoo |
a. develop models for our past ancestors (pp. 13–14)
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What are the four branches of anthropology?
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Sociocultural anthropology, physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology,
and archaeology. (p. 6) |
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What is the primary material that physical anthropologists work with?
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Bones, but sometimes teeth, hair, and coprolites. (p. 4)
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How can the potential for fame have a negative effect on scientists?
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It is difficult for scientists to be completely subjective about their work, and the
pull of fame can lead them to modify results and even outright falsify claims. (p. 16–17) |
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How can studying the behaviors of our primate relatives inform us about
ourselves? |
If we share behaviors with our primate cousins, then perhaps they are based
on shared biological heritage. (p. 14) |
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Which scientific field is not directly included in anthropology, but is connected
with evolutionary change? |
Genetics. (p. 10)
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What is the primary material that paleoanthropologists work with?
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Fossils. (p. 10)
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What was the problem with the original methods and applications of
anthropometry? |
In the past, anthropometrical studies were used to justify racist ideals by
‘scientifically proving’ the superiority of the European races. (pp. 11–12) |
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How has the use of anthropometry changed?
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Anthropometry is now being used to study the great amount variety and
variability within the human species. (p. 12) |
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Who discovered 'Turkana boy'?
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Richard Leakey and Kamoya Kimeu. (p. 11)
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How do we distinguish a hypothesis from a guess?
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A hypothesis involves the proof of a theory based on observations. (p. 16)
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What is the negative stigma associated with early craniometric studies?
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It was used to compare 'races' to justify racial prejudice. (p. 11)
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What is the commonly-held misconception about the relationship between
humans and other currently-living primates (e.g. gorillas and chimpanzees)? |
Some people mistakenly believe (or think that scientists think) that other living
primates are our direct ancestors. The correct belief is that we may share an ancestor with these other primates. (pp. 13–14) |
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. What are the two different theories that account for the variation in brain size
between KNM-ER 1813 and KNM-ER 1470? |
Sexual dimorphism and two different species. (p. 16)
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. ________ see more similarities among humans past and present, while
________ are those who see in smaller differences, greater distinctions. |
lumpers; splitters (p. 16)
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Based on genetic studies, humans and chimpanzees separated ________
years ago. |
lumpers; splitters (p. 16)
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theory
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A scientific explanation for a fact or set of facts.
(p. 15) |
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splitters
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Those who more readily define new species or
subspecies based on differences between specimens. (p. 17) |
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sociocultural anthropology
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The study of the cultures of people. (p. 6)
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primatology
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The study of primates. (p. 13)
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pithecophobia
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The irrational fear of apes. (p. 22)
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physical anthropology
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The study of humans as biological organisms,
dealing with their evolution, their primate relatives, their variation, and their identification for forensic purposes. (p. 6) |
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paleoanthropology
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The study of fossil evidence for signs of human
evolution. (p. 10) |
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osteology
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The study of bones. (p. 4)
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medical anthropology
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The study of health, illness, and healing from a
cultural and/or cross-cultural perspective. (p. 13) |
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lumpers
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Those who believe that there is a significant
range of variety within a species or genus; they are more reluctant to define new species or subspecies based on differences between specimens. (p. 17) |
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linguistic anthropology
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The study of languages and their relationship to
cultures. (p. 6) |
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hypothesis
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A tentative scientific explanation for the
relationship between observed phenomena. (p. 16) |
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human evolution
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The study of the adaptations or changes of our
ancestors. (p. 10) |
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genetics
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The study of the mechanics and signs of
evolutionary change at a nuclear level. (p. 10) |
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forensic anthropology
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The application of the methodologies of physical
anthropology, especially those related to bones and teeth, to legal matters. (p. 13) |
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fact
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An observation that is true as far as we can
determine truth to be. (p. 15) |
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craniometry
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The measurement of the cranium. (p. 11)
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archaeology
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The study of human history through material
remains. (p. 6) |
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anthropometry
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The measurement of the human body. (p. 11)
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anthropology
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The study of humans in all times, situations, and
places. (p. 6) |
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anthropodenial
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A blindness to the human-like characteristics of
other animals, or the animal-like characteristics of ourselves. (p. 14) |
